Numbers on the bed. What are the requirements for beds in kindergarten, the criteria for the right choice. So what is a furniture height group
Kindergarten is a place where children spend most of the day, so it is important to furnish the room with furniture that is comfortable for sleeping. When choosing beds for a kindergarten, it is important to remember such qualities of furniture as environmental friendliness, comfort, and durability.
Children's beds have the following varieties:
- sliding bed - especially relevant for kindergartens without a separate bedroom. Such a model may have drawers, a small chest of drawers, removable sides, special mattresses;
- single-tier bed with sides or with a back. The latter can be straight or semicircular, representing an animal or the sun;
- the kaleidoscope bed has an interesting stack layout. One place to sleep is inserted into another, which is convenient when arranging furniture in the game room, as well as for easier cleaning of the room;
- A roll-out crib saves space well by rolling out one bed from another. This option is not entirely convenient for the younger group: the second section is at a decent height from the floor;
- bunk bed - these are two sleeping places located above each other, with a ladder for greater convenience. This is a good space saver, but not for the youngest visitors to the garden;
- a two-row model forms two beds, fenced off with a partition. Thanks to such models, significant space is saved;
- three-tiered version - these are boxes with wheels for rolling out, which allows you to decently save space, protecting bedding from dirt;
- the roll-out version of the three-tier bed also consists of three parts, with the only difference being that the upper part slides into the bed frame;
- roll-out bed with a cover from three sections. Each resting place is of different height and slides one under the other, the covers protect the bed linen from dust. Roll-out models save space well, but are not recommended for younger family members;
- model cabinet roll-out of two sections - this is a kind of large bedside table with roll-out drawers, which in fact serve as beds. The top part slides into the cabinet itself. There is an option with a lid for the top drawer.
Despite the variety of beds for kindergarten, they choose mostly single-tier models. The multi-tiered products can lead to safety issues, not to mention the stability of the models. In any case, these qualities are controlled during installation, and the conclusion is given by the head of the children's institution.
double row
Bunk
Kaleidoscope
single tier
Protective elements
Baby cots need protection against possible falls. Their appearance is related to the type of construction and the material for use. Such devices can be made from:
- fabrics;
- plastic;
- metal;
- tree.
So, for children of the older group, the bed limiter is selected to be of medium size so that they can climb up without assistance and not fall during sleep. For greater emphasis, slots can also be made that overlap part of the bed.
Barriers – removable or built-in – are very popular details complete with beds. The first type has a horizontal base, which is placed under the mattress and is attached to the bed sides. They are supplied with racks, adjustable for possible modification of the barrier height. Some contain pull-out type poles to position the bed edge at the right distance from the edge. Barriers of the built-in plan are panels that are attached to the side of the bed. They do not have sharp corners, and soft lining will protect the baby from possible injury during sleep.
The preference for barriers as protective elements has good reasons:
- feeling more protected and falling asleep faster;
- wide model range;
- mattress and blanket do not slip to the floor;
- no penetration of drafts.
When choosing beds and their protective elements, you should pay attention to the dimensions of the structure and the age group of children. The thematic orientation of the premises also plays an important role.
Thematic design
In kindergarten, it is important to have a comfortable place to sleep. Do not forget also that the bedroom is a place of peace and comfort. But how every child wants to associate their bed with something fun and magical.
You can apply drawings of your favorite characters from books and cartoons to ordinary beds. To do this, you can, if possible, invite a professional artist, or you can try to do this for the educators themselves, parents and children. The creative process will add mood, and cute animals from a fairy tale and princesses will be a continuation of a fairy tale dream.
In addition to the bed itself, children's bedding plays an important role. Of course, first of all, you need to pay attention to its environmental friendliness and stability of dyes. But after all, for a child, you should also choose his favorite design - gentle and charming pictures, interesting stories, landscape paintings. And of course, the image of fairy tale characters and cartoon characters will make him happy to make out the bed and go to bed. Or just light pastel colors that set you up for a calm and healthy sleep. But when choosing bed linen, you should still avoid strong brightness and variegation, which will unnerve the child.
The most daring decisions for the design of the bed can be considered a departure from the standard form. This is where vehicles come into play. A modern car bed is the dream of any boy, and a bed in the form of a carriage is a little princess. The main thing is that such a decision should be realistically feasible.
Quality and compliance with GOSTs
Two main GOSTs are related to the types of kindergarten beds produced, as well as testing their quality. Models intended for the nursery group must have a reliable fence, have the ability to modify the height of the bed with the growth of the baby. The length of the product should not exceed 1 m 20 cm, and in width - 0.6 m. If the crib has the function of moving the side rail down, then it should fall no less than 13.5 cm.
A bed intended for children from 3 to 7 years old must be at least 1 m 40 cm, and the same width as the previous type. In this case, the width can be made even larger.
According to the basic directions for testing beds in kindergarten, the following settings according to GOST are important:
- structural stability;
- degree of deformability of bedposts;
- base strength;
- overall durability of the product.
For testing, fresh products should be taken, and the protocols of all checks should contain possible deviations from the installation standards, which was revealed by the control. In addition, among the important requirements for children's equipment in the garden are sanitary and epidemiological rules for the device and maintenance, confirmed by certificates. And beds, like any piece of furniture, must be resistant to the use of various means for wet cleaning.
Video
A photo
When choosing children's furniture, parents of toddlers and heads of preschool and school institutions are often faced with the fact that it is necessary not only to choose the model and color of the product, but also to determine the height group. So what is a growth group? How to choose the right size of a children's chair or table? What to be guided by?
When creating children's preschool furniture and student furniture for schools, the designers of our company, of course, are guided by regulatory documents that clearly spell out all the requirements for furniture, as well as possible height groups.
Current GOSTs and SanPiN for preschool furniture:
So what is a furniture height group?
The very concept of "growth group" arose from considerations of the healthy development of the child's body. To form the correct healthy posture of babies, it is necessary that they not only lead an active lifestyle, but also sit correctly at their desks on the right chairs. For this, growth groups were developed, in which the height of the chair and table depend directly on the height of the child, and take into account the peculiarities of the child's landing.
Important! When choosing furniture, you need to consider that:
- with knees bent at 90 degrees, the feet should be in full contact with the floor;
- between the knees and the tabletop there must be a space of at least 110 mm for free movement,
- the front edge of the stool should not closely adjoin the popliteal cavities, the lower part of the thigh should be free from the pressure of the stool,
- the forearm of the hand, bent at the elbow at 90 degrees, should lie calmly without tension on the tabletop,
- the back of the chair should provide back support in two places (lumbar region, lower part of the shoulder blades),
- there must be free space between the seat of the chair and the back.
All of the above conditions are met in growth groups. And knowing the height of your child, you no longer have to run around all the stores with a tape measure and measure furniture. It is enough just to decide on this very growth group.
Table of height groups depending on the height of the child
|
Child height (mm) |
Height group for furniture and color marking |
Kindergarten group or school class (approximately) |
Height from floor to chair seat (mm) |
Height from floor to tabletop (mm) |
|
00 |
||||
|
0 |
junior group |
|||
|
1 |
junior / middle group |
|||
|
2 |
middle/senior group |
|||
|
3 |
senior group / 1st grade |
|||
|
4 |
Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the device, content and organization of the work regime in preschool organizations. The current SanPiN 2.4.1.3049-13 was adopted on May 15, 2013, and entered into force on July 30, 2013, replacing the invalid SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10.
Excerpt from SanPiN 2.4.1.3049-13:
For children aged 5 to 7 years, among the necessary physical activity, up to 8 hours of recreational and educational activities per week should be provided. In addition, it is necessary to include a complex for hardening pupils, which consists in airing the premises, washing with cold water, exercises and a walk in the fresh air.
The exact norms for finding groups of different ages in the pool can be found in the text of the regulatory document. After visiting the pool, children can be taken out for a walk no earlier than 50 minutes in order to prevent hypothermia.
Treatment
According to SanPin, airing the premises of children's groups must be carried out repeatedly, during the absence of children. The duration of ventilation depends on the air temperature outside the window and the quality of heating in the room. Airing should be stopped half an hour before the children return to the groups. In the warm season, airing is permissible in the presence of pupils, in which case it is advisable to avoid drafts. The document contains a table that clearly indicates the duration of such procedures in a preschool.
According to SanPin, quartzization of groups in kindergarten must be carried out twice a day according to the schedule and after that airing should be carried out.
Washing and processing toys in kindergarten according to SanPin must be done daily after the children leave home. In the youngest groups - twice a day. Toys intended for outdoor play are washed immediately after returning from the street with them. It is also necessary to process newly purchased toys, this must be done with a soapy solution for 15 minutes, then rinsed in clean water. The detergent used to treat toys must be safe for children.
In accordance with the norms of SanPin, bed linen in kindergarten should be changed as it gets dirty, but at least once a week. Washing of linen and towels is carried out either in the laundry of a preschool educational institution, or by a special organization with which an agreement has been drawn up for the provision of laundry services.
In accordance with sanitary standards, each child in the kindergarten group should have an individual potty, and for children over 5 years old, personal seatings made of safe materials should be installed on the toilets. Processing of pots should be carried out immediately after use using detergents and disinfectants. Toilets are cleaned at least twice a day.
Food unit
Each kindergarten group should be equipped with a sink for washing dishes with hot and cold water according to SanPin. The dishes are first cleaned of food debris, then washed with a sponge with the addition of mustard and soda. Then they are washed in water at a temperature of 50 degrees with the addition of bleach, then rinsed in water at least 70 degrees and dried on a grid intended for this. Once a day, the dishes should be boiled in clean water.
If there is a suspicion of a foodborne disease, then the dishes should, after cleaning and washing, be treated and disinfected in a solution of chloramine or bleach for 30 minutes, then rinsed thoroughly and dried.
All dishes in the preschool must be marked according to SanPin. Each pan must have an inscription for which dish it is intended, the marking is applied with oil paint.
Vitaminization in kindergarten according to SanPin is carried out taking into account the state of the pupil, with the obligatory control of the health worker and with the notification of parents.
If the menu does not include fortified drinks, then vitamins are added to the third dishes - compote or jelly, at a certain temperature
Norms of premises and equipment
In the SanPin for the pool in the kindergarten, it is clearly spelled out what rooms should be near the pool and what they are equipped with, as well as what kind of staff is needed in the pool. Particular importance should be given to cleaning and disinfection of the pool. With good water circulation in the pool, a complete water change should be carried out within 8 hours. If there is no circulation, the water should be drained daily. Cleaning of the swimming bowl should be carried out by the responsible employees. Showers, toilets and locker rooms are cleaned daily. General cleaning monthly. It is necessary to monitor the quality of water in the pool once a day.
Flowers are planted in the courtyard of the kindergarten in order to separate playgrounds from utility zones. According to SanPin, fruit-bearing, poisonous and thorny plants cannot be planted.
The size of furniture in a kindergarten according to SanPin must be of the same group and correspond to the table given in the decree. Each group of children's height should correspond to the size of the furniture.
Marking furniture in kindergarten according to SanPin should be done by color, depending on the size of the furniture.
SanPin for staff
All staff, including kindergarten teachers, must undergo medical examination when hiring. inspection and certification for knowledge of sanitary standards. Further, every two years, a test is carried out for knowledge of the same standards, and educators are also regularly tested. For example, testing "FSES of preschool education". All preschool teachers are provided with overalls.
According to the new SanPin, a kindergarten nurse must have at least a secondary medical education and have at least 3 years of work experience. The presence of a medical book is mandatory, every three months a medical examination must be carried out. When working, it relies on a document of due instructions and internal labor regulations
You can learn more about the SanPin norms for preschool educational institutions by clicking on the link.
Rooms for children aged 1 to 4 years must have tables for four; for the middle, senior and preparatory groups of the kindergarten, double tables are used. Tables are placed in no more than 2 rows and in such a way that the light falls from the left. The distance from the blinding zone of the window should be at least 0.45 m (preferably 1 m), and between rows at least 0.45 m.
For preschoolers, furniture is produced in 6 groups that have the appropriate characteristics (table 1.13).
Table 1.13.
Sizes and markings of tables and chairs for preschool children.
|
Furniture group |
Marking color |
Growth group, cm |
Table height above the floor, cm |
Seat height above the floor, cm |
make Children's beds of two types: I - a children's bed with a fence and a variable bed height for children under 3 years old; II - a children's bed for children aged 3 to 7 years. Their functional dimensions are presented in table 1.14.
Table 1.14.
Functional sizes of beds for children 3 - 7 years old.
For the prevention of infectious diseases, the minimum distance between beds should be 0.3 m (from the bed), the distance from the outer walls to the beds should be 0.7-1 m. In preschool groups, it is allowed to use folding beds with a hard bed and built-in single and bunk beds.
Hygienic requirements for school furniture.
The furniture of modern educational institutions is divided into the following groups:
1) for classrooms:
Single and double student tables with chairs of the corresponding group;
Student laboratory tables for specialized classrooms (physics, chemistry, biology);
Computer tables;
Cabinets for teaching aids;
Curbstones for technical teaching aids and curbstones for a board for teaching aids;
Blackboards of various modifications;
2) for libraries:
Library shelving two- and one-sided;
Library sets;
3) for the dining room;
4) for training workshops;
5) for locker rooms;
6) for assembly halls.
The main school furniture (desks, tables, student chairs) has different sizes, depending on the length of the children's body. Each student is provided with a comfortable workplace at a desk or table in accordance with the length of his body, the state of vision and hearing. The seating of students at desks (tables) is made taking into account their body length (in shoes). For schoolchildren, furniture of 6 groups with color marking is produced (table 1.15).
Table 1.15.
Sizes of school furniture and its marking.
|
Furniture numbers |
Growth group, mm |
Height above the floor of the cover of the edge of the table facing the student |
Marking color |
Height above the floor of the front edge of the seat |
|
Orange | ||||
|
Violet | ||||
Furniture must have digital and color marking . The color coding of school furniture should be visible from the side of the aisle; it is applied on both sides of the table (desk), chair in the form of a circle with a diameter of 22 mm or a horizontal strip 20 mm wide.
Table 1.16.
The school is currently using chalkboards several types:
For writing with chalk;
For writing with a felt-tip pen;
For writing with chalk with a musical staff (musical);
For cork ads.
Convenient are boards made on the basis of steel enameled sheet.
Depending on the color of the enamel, boards for writing with chalk (green) and dry-erase markers (white) are used.
When equipping classrooms, the following dimensions of aisles and distances must be observed:
Between rows of double tables - at least 60 cm;
Between the rows of tables and the outer longitudinal wall - at least 50-70 cm;
Between the rows of tables and the inner longitudinal wall (partition) or cabinets along this wall - at least 50-70 cm;
From the last tables to the wall (partition) opposite the blackboard - at least 70 cm, from the back wall, which is external - at least 100 cm, and in the presence of reverse classes - 120 cm;
From the demonstration table to the training board - at least 100 cm;
From the first desk to the training board - 2.4 - 2.7 m;
The greatest distance of the student's last place from the educational board is 860 cm;
The height of the lower edge of the training board above the floor is 80-90 cm.
Desks, tables and chairs are placed in the classroom by numbers: the smaller ones are closer to the blackboard, the larger ones are further away; for children with reduced visual acuity and hearing, desks, regardless of size, are placed in front. With sufficient correction of visual acuity with glasses, students can sit in any row.
Schoolchildren with rheumatic diseases, often ill (tonsillitis, acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract), should be seated further from the outer wall.
At least 2 times a year, students sitting in rows I and III are changed places without violating the correspondence of the furniture to their body length.
The teacher's observation of the child during the lesson makes it possible to note deviations from the correct posture and subsequently to establish their causes.
The width of the workplace at the table should be equal to the sum of the length of the two forearms with hands plus 3-4 cm for freedom of fit. The height of the chair should be equal to the length of the lower leg with the addition of 2 cm to the height of the heel.
The depth of the chair should be at least 2/3 and not more than 3/4 of the length of the thigh.
It is necessary to pay special attention to cases when the dimensions of the desk (table), chair correspond to the dimensions of the person sitting behind them, and the child’s seat does not correspond
hygiene requirements. This indicates the lack of a developed skill of correct landing.
Instruction
Choose furniture according to the height of the children. Kindergarten furniture is available in three sizes. It is possible that chairs and tables will have to be filed or, conversely, knocked out. As a rule, tables and chairs are marked with geometric shapes. Mark a table and a set of chairs designed for children of the same height with the same figure - a circle, a triangle or a square. Draw a badge on the corner of the table and backs of the chairs. You can use a variety of materials for this. It is best to apply it with oil paint. Figures can be cut out of colored paper, glued and varnished. Colored tape in this case should not be used, because it peels off very quickly. Make a list of children who are sitting at the same table.
Lockers in which children leave their clothes must also be marked. Plexiglas pockets are very convenient for this. They are attached to the doors of cabinets, and then a picture is inserted into them. But pockets are not always included, so they need to be cut out. Thin plexiglass will do. Cut or order squares about 6x6cm and screw them to the doors. It is advisable to buy or make 3 identical sets of pictures so that the markings on the lockers in the dressing room and washroom, as well as on the cribs, are the same. Now there are special sets of pictures for marking, they are made of self-adhesive materials, so plexiglass pockets are optional.
Beds, as well as cabinets in the washroom, should be double-labeled. Pictures are used to help children find their things. But cribs and towel lockers are also marked with numbers. Paint them with oil paint. Lists should also be drawn up and placed in a conspicuous place. In the first column of such a list, the number of the crib or locker is placed, in the second - the surname and name of the child.
Kitchen utensils must be labeled in the childcare facility. In a typical municipal kindergarten, children usually eat in a group. Lunch is brought by the nanny. Each pan should be labeled for what dish it is intended for. The largest ones are labeled “1 dish”, “3 dish”. A slightly smaller saucepan is reserved for a side dish and is signed “2 course”. In it, the nanny brings porridge for breakfast. Separate dishes are needed for meat dishes, for salad and for bread. Each item has a corresponding inscription. Marking is applied with oil paint.
It is also necessary to mark the buckets that the nanny uses during wet cleaning. The same bucket can be used in the playroom and bedroom, but the toilet should have its own, appropriately labeled. The same applies to floor mats. The one that cleans the floors in the toilet should have a red marking. It may just be a piece of red fabric sewn to a rag. Mops should also be marked.
In nursery groups, the teacher examines the children in the morning. He takes their temperature and looks at their throats. For spatulas there should be 2 cans. They also need to be marked with oil paint. On one is the inscription "Clean spatulas", on the other - "Dirty spatulas".
The substrate consists of a ceramic element with a high alumina content. This gives very good insulation on which the resistive element is mounted.
Connections also play an important role. They must create a reliable contact between the resistive element and the resistor chip, and also provide a high level of conductivity. This is achieved by using a nickel based intermediate layer and a tin outer layer to ensure good solderability.
Surface mount resistors come in a variety of standard sizes. Technology does not stand still and therefore the size of radio components is constantly decreasing. In 2014, the usual size for an SMD resistor was 0.05 millimeters.
Characteristics of the SMD resistor
SMD resistors are made by various companies. Therefore, the characteristics of elements with the same rating can be very different from each other. There are several basic parameters that you need to pay attention to.
Rated power requires special attention. For surface mount resistor designs, the level of power that can be dissipated is less than for wirewound components.
Because SMD resistors are made using metal oxide film, they have relatively close tolerances. At the same time, deviations within 5, 2 and 1 percent are the most common. For special parts, the values can be 0.5 and 0.1 percent.
SMD resistors usually have a good temperature coefficient. Values of 25, 50 and 100 pulse modulation units per 1°C are the most common.
Application
SMD resistors are used in many designs. The size allows them to be used not only for compact boards, but also for automatic assembly methods. Another advantage is that they work well in radio applications. Due to their small size, these resistors have very low false inductance and capacitance. However, high levels of power dissipation must be taken into account when designing the electromagnetic circuit.
Ekaterina Tepikina
Furniture labeling in a group
As you know, according to SanPin: "Chairs must be complete with a table of one groups, which should be marked. Selection furniture for children should be carried out taking into account anthropometric indicators" (Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations p. 6.6).
In different industries marking serves different purposes. In kindergarten, it is necessary for children to use furniture, suitable for their height, did not confuse personal hygiene items. Both nannies and kitchen workers need it, since every item in a kindergarten, school or health camp must be used in strict accordance with sanitary standards.
If on group a new teacher comes in and doesn't know where to put the kids in class, where is whose locker, where is the bed? Yes, and kids who just came to group, feel much more comfortable and calmer if they see something of their own there, even a picture.
Going through different options, I made my own system markings which seems very convenient to me. children 2 junior and middle groups happy to navigate by the picture, older children by letter.
Presented marking with numbers and color used for tables and chairs; for a locker, towel, crib, plasticine, pencils in a tube - only a picture with a letter is used. The children can always help the teacher or friend find the necessary item.
I will be glad if my experience is useful to someone.
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