How do rounding. Rounding machine: application features, do-it-yourself tips. A little class comparison

It so happened historically that since ancient times, people have built their homes from wood. This is quite easy to explain by the ease of processing, the availability of acquiring such a material and excellent heat-conducting properties. After many years, with the advent of new technologies, wood began to be processed using special machines. To obtain rounded logs of the same diameter and length, a special woodworking machine is used to round the logs.

Features of the rounding machine

The rounding machine is a woodworking machine that is designed for the production of rounded logs and profiled timber from roundwood and for the manufacture of log cabins. The rounding machine makes it possible to perform all the operations that are provided for by the log house production technology: to make a selection of mounting grooves, a crown cup, to round a log (primary and secondary processing) and to mill a smooth surface.

And you can also use the machine to perform such operations as sawing a carriage into edged boards, sawing a log into a carriage and a board, making moldings and blanks for end parquet, obtaining an edged board from an unedged one.

When using the saw unit without removing the log from the center, you can make a compensation groove to relieve internal stress that occurs when the log is dried. All these operations are performed on the machine sequentially with one set of tools for one installation of the log. Because of this, when producing a finished log, there is no need to reinstall the cutters and the log.

The combination of different processing modes makes it possible to obtain products of a rather complex configuration - balusters, timber of a complex profile and with different diameters. The formed geometric profile allows you to build wood structures of any complexity. In addition, log rounding machines help to process material 7 meters long.

The design of the machine for rounding logs

The rounding machine includes the following blocks: a common metal frame made of square pipes, on which guides are installed, which are intended to move the power unit and the saw carriage along them. On the common frame there are also headstock and tailstock, which are needed to install in the centers of the original workpiece and drive the log into rotation. On the headstock there is a dividing head that serves to fix the log in different positions, as well as a spindle head for rotating the cutters.

As a working tool, cutters of a special design are used - figured and universal, which are installed on the machine spindle shaft. A universal cutter is necessary for rounding, plane milling and selection of crown cups. The curly cutter is intended for sampling the mounting groove. The technological feature of the cutter, which is used on the machine, is to provide a "soft entry" into the treated wood surface. This leads to a reduction in vibration and also increases the accuracy of the work.

The knives used in cutters are removable. If the operator sees that the required size of the processed surfaces is not maintained, then the removable knives need to be sharpened. Removable knives are made of high-quality tool steel, which makes it possible to use one set of them for a long time, and at the same time, the resource of the cutter itself is not limited.

To reduce time and facilitate installation in the center of the log, special mechanical levers are used, they can be installed on the frame at any place, as shown in the photo of the log rounding machine. When passing on small diameters (up to 200 millimeters) of the mounting groove, some deflection of the log may be observed;

When choosing a crown cup, a reliable fixation of the carriage is required; for this purpose, mechanical brake devices are used, which are placed at both ends of the carriage and securely fixed. And there is also a special mechanism for fixing the carriage, which does not allow it to rotate when choosing bowls. In the manufacture of a longitudinal mounting groove or bowl, very precise (manual) adjustment is also needed - for this purpose, a special mechanism for manually rotating the log is installed.

Classification of rounding machines

Rounding machines for logs according to technological schemes can be divided into two types:

Passage devices with continuous movement of logs. The log in through machines is processed while moving in the tool area without stopping. The movement of logs can be carried out without a gap or with a gap between the ends of adjacent logs.
Cyclic devices with intermittent movement of logs. For one cycle of processing in cyclic machines, a repetitive set of movements occurs. Cycle machines are divided in turn into two types:
- Cyclo-pass rounding machines: the log is processed by a cutting tool that makes working movements;
- Cyclo-position rounding machines: the log is processed while moving relative to the area of the working tool.

Each combination of movements makes it possible to determine the kinematic scheme of cutting by different processing methods. The work of the machine is represented by the following combinations of movements of the log and the working tool: rectilinear and two rotational, rectilinear and rotational.

The log, when processed in through-hole cylindering glasses, makes a rectilinear movement, and the tool, respectively, rotational. The log in cyclo-through machines at the time of processing along the axis of the log makes a rectilinear movement, and the tool in position - rotational, as shown in the video about the machine for rounding logs. The log, when processed in positional lathes, produces a rotational movement, and the tool itself (cutter) moves in a straight line, parallel to the axis of the log.

Depending on the shape and type of the tool and its cutting edges, all types of log processing can be divided into two types - milling and turning. Turning is characterized by a constant process of chip formation. The main movement that occurs at a fairly high speed when turning is the rotation of a tool or log. Milling is characterized by an inconsistent chip formation process. In milling, the main movement is the rotation of the tool.

Woodworking machines in our time, according to the degree of automation and mechanization, are divided into the following classes:

In mechanized machines, the main movement and feed movements are performed without human intervention. The operator provides regulation, adjustment and unloading, as well as loading the machine.
In automata (automatic machine tools), the entire range of movements and operations is performed by the machine. A person is assigned the role of monitoring the work and periodically loading the machine with workpieces. In full automatic machines, the loading of workpieces is also automated.
In semi-automatic machines, operations are automated only within one cycle, and human participation is required to complete the next processing cycle.

Comparing different log rounding machines, we can say that not only the price of log rounding machines differs, but also their functions:

Through-type machines have high productivity, but at the same time they demonstrate low machining accuracy and a rather large surface roughness due to the lack of a basing system;
Cycling positional devices guarantee high accuracy and have excellent surface quality, but their output capacity is much less than pass-through devices;
Cyclic positional machines have a reliable basing system, occupy a rather small production area and are widely used in production.

Do-it-yourself installation of a cylindering machine

Usually home-made machines for rounding logs are made on the basis of sawmills. The front cone is replaced with a stop, and a thrust bearing or tapered roller bearing is installed on the tailstock. The fixed log is rotated with the help of an additional motor, or manually, which is not so practical. Making a cutter is the most difficult. In order to complete the task as easily as possible, it is made in typesetting, that is, it is assembled from several elements. It should be noted that the material of the cutter itself must be strong, that is, soft alloys are not suitable for these purposes.

The easiest way to ensure the movement of the cutter along the log itself is the laying of an additional rail track along which the installation will move. This will make it possible to exclude manual dragging. The principle of operation of such an installation is similar to the principle of operation of an ordinary milling machine, when the workpiece, fixed in poses, rotates, and the cutter moves along it.

Remember that it is recommended to install a machine for rounding logs with your own hands on a concrete platform. It is also possible to operate the rounding machine on compacted soil. In this case, the machine is installed on transverse rails of wooden sleepers - for example, a beam with a cross section of at least 1500X1500 mm. The recommended distance between the sleepers is one meter. It is also necessary to exclude soil shrinkage in places where the machine will be installed.

The machine begins to mount from the assembly of the frame. It is necessary to assemble the frame sections and install it at an even level in one horizontal plane. Adhere to the installation error of no more than 0.5 per 1000 millimeters - both across the guides and along.

When installing the frame on a concrete platform, the frame is mounted at a height of approximately 15-20 centimeters, and the joints of the sections are concreted. A power unit, front and rear headstocks, racks are mounted on the installed frame, onto which a cable is pulled for attaching an electric movable cable. A clamp-stopper is installed on the power unit. The machine is also grounded to a common grounding system.

Next, the motor is connected, which rotates the workpiece. Connect the machine to the mains, check the correct connection of the phases of the power supply to the corresponding power modes. To do this, press the button for raising and lowering the cutter. If the actual direction in which the power head moves coincides with the same direction as indicated on the control panel, then the power supply has been connected correctly. Otherwise, the phases must be reversed.

After that, you need to check the direction of rotation of the workpiece. When the direction of rotation is wrong, it is necessary to reverse the phases on the motor. It is forbidden to turn on the workpiece rotation motor and the cylindering machine motor until the correct connection of the power supply phases has been checked.

If you, after you have made a machine for rounding logs, perform the initial start-up more than two months later, after a long break, or the machine was in storage and during transportation in a condition of high humidity, then it is necessary to keep it in a dry room for some time before starting it up. removing moisture from electrical equipment.

Remember that the front and rear headstocks of the log rounding machine must be placed parallel to the guides and, according to the selected length, be rigidly fixed. In addition, it is necessary to check the alignment of the tailstock and headstock of the cylindering machine. For this purpose, measure the distance to the nearest millimeter: between the vertical longitudinal profile and the center of the headstock, between the near guide and the center of the headstock. It is necessary that these distances be the same for the tailstock and headstock.

Misbalancing of cutters and changes in the angle of sharpening knives can lead to failure of the cylindering machine, or to deterioration in the surface quality of the product. The curly cutter is mounted on the conical part of the shaft and fixed with a bolt. A universal cutter is screwed into the body of the curly cutter and then tightened with a special key.

In addition, if you have made a machine for rounding logs, check that the frame is mounted correctly and horizontally. By laying gaskets under the rear one, it is possible to determine the parallelism of the axes of the rear and front headstocks with the plane of movement of the cutter. The thickness of the gasket should be equal to half the taper value.

Rounding machines are the main components of wood processing lines, which are applicable both in standard workshops and in the manufacture of such products with their own hands. The main function of this machine is to remove a smooth top layer from each log due to the cutter with a complex design and different types.

Currently, a huge number of similar products of various types and purposes are on sale, among which it is not at all difficult to choose the equipment that is ideal for your case.

1 Rolling machine - equipment features

Machine for rounding logs - a mechanism in which the processing of logs is carried out due to the contact with them of several special cutters. The latter are set in motion by a special motor (in some trim levels there are two of them).

All logs are securely fixed by the system during feeding, so that simple and uniform processing is achievable.

Also, depending on the type of equipment, it may also have a rail track, the installation of which for the through-type version requires a special concrete base for installation.

On sale various types of rounding machines are presented, including equipment of the type Rus and Sherwood through-type, as well as modular type.

This equipment, like Sherwood or Rus devices, can be independent units or go as part of a woodworking complex. They come in various capacities.

The average volume of a log, which Rus, Termite, Sherwood machines freely pass, is 240 mm, although some versions of such equipment can easily handle larger samples.

Cylinder-milling machine Sherwood OF-28Ts

Rounding machines allow you to perform a variety of types of material processing. In particular, it is with its use that the direct rounding of the log is done, the preparation of the longitudinal laying groove, the compensatory cut, as well as specialized elements for fastening - side bowls.

Fits this equipment for all types of material without exception, including the popular beech, oak, birch, ash, pear, alder, pine and other wood species.

1.1 Pros and cons of this processing technology

The advantages of this type of machine for processing logs include:

High processing speed.
Accuracy in many types of processing due to the variety of knife sharpening.
Absolute safety of the operator when working with such equipment.
Simplicity in settings, high level of automation of such devices.
High quality material processing, regardless of the quality of the processed wood
Versatility - with such a device you can make any blanks from natural wood.
Low consumption of wood, which is provided not only by samples of Rus and Sherwood, but also by a home-made cylindering machine.

As for the disadvantages inherent in this type of device, among them it should be noted:

large dimensions of the equipment, due to which lovers of woodworking with their own hands cannot always install such structures in their own home;
high prices for replacement parts, as well as the necessary processing of products before starting work, for example, sharpening knives.

1.2 Replaceable parts for rounding machines

For easy processing on such machines of logs of various types without changing the quality of the material finish for such structures you need to purchase the following types of components:

Replaceable cutters, especially non-standard types (when purchasing these components, special attention should be paid to the quality of sharpening knives for certain types of timber).
Additional electromechanical drives for some types of construction.
Interchangeable parts for processing bowls.
Parts for making compensation cuts.

Also, sometimes for this type of equipment, including Sherwood and Rus machines, you can buy special types of knife sharpening for individual logs, as well as some flexible replaceable elements. They can be replaced by hand. The list of those for each device is individual.

2 Popular types of rounding machine

Currently, there are several popular varieties of such equipment used by professionals, as well as amateurs, to carry out construction, repair, and finishing work in the house with their own hands.

Among these models:

Rounding machine Altai. The equipment, due to the peculiarities of sharpening knives, allows processing logs with a diameter of up to 550 mm. It is completed with mills of spherical, and also face type. The main advantages of this version in the processing of logs: the ability to choose the optimal speed of the device, as well as adjust the penetration depth of the knives. Ideal for all types of production, like Sherwood, including the construction of small wooden houses.
Rounding machine Kedr. Another type of pass-through equipment for industrial enterprises. Allows stacking up to 7.5 meters of logs per processing. Suitable for all types of logs due to the unique type of cutter sharpening.
Rounding machine Taiga os 1. The equipment, like Sherwood, is suitable for rough, finishing types of wood processing. Allows to work with samples of the maximum diameter of 240 mm. Like other samples of the pass-through type, it can be used for industrial purposes, including building a house or a bath from a bar. Depending on the type of knife sharpening, it can be used for various tasks.
Rounding machine Thermite. Universal through-type equipment, like the Rus machine, suitable for processing various types of timber. Ideal for industrial enterprises, where it can receive up to 900 running meters of finished timber per shift. The modern design of this equipment eliminates the possibility of log scrolling during processing.

All types of this equipment are most suitable for the industrial production of timber, however, if there are proper conditions for doing it yourself, they can be used at home.

The cost of such products, as well as models Rus or Sherwood, depends on the equipment as well as companies selling this type of equipment. The best prices for it at official dealers.

For those who are not suitable for such products in terms of technical parameters, you can make a home-made cylindering machine, created according to the available sketches of technology.

2.1 The process of rounding logs on the machine (video)

The cylindering machine is designed to give the correct shape to the logs going to the construction of log cabins. The use of machines allows you to speed up and simplify the preparation of wood. Do-it-yourself logs come out of the same diameter, with a groove, planed surfaces and prepared mounting bowls.

The purpose of the machine for cylindering

The woodworking machine completely prepares the log for installation in the wall structures of the log cabins. Functions of woodworking machines:

production of grooves for installation;
log rounding (including final rounding);
production of edged boards from carriage;
production of slabs for parquet;
milling smooth wood;
cutting not edged boards;
preparation of the crown cup;
timber production;
sawing wood on a gun carriage;
adjustable log rotation speed;
making a compensation groove with a circular saw.

The movement of the carriage is controlled by a laser pointer. An important property of rounding machines is the ability to perform any manipulation with one set of tools without reinstalling the log. The combination of milling cutters and techniques allows you to make complex products with different diameters, for example, balusters. With your own hands, you can process a log up to 7 m long.

The device of the machine for cylindering

The drawing of the log processing machine includes:

a metal frame, usually made of rectangular pipe;
guides for the movement of the saw and power devices;
headstock for fastening the log and its torsion. The front is equipped with a dividing head, with which the barrel is fixed. The spindle head is also installed there;
wood is processed by mills. The curly cutter selects the groove for mounting. The universal cutter is designed for cutting crown cups, processing planes, cylindering;
knives for cutters are removable. Made of good steel, they can be replaced and sharpened without touching the cutter;
levers for placing logs;
stop roller to prevent sagging of the log;
mechanical brakes are installed at both ends of the carriage and are used during the selection of the crown bowl;
the carriage latch stops it during the selection of bowls;
device for manually rotating the barrel: used when cutting a longitudinal groove.

Types of machines for cylindering

Mechanisms for cylindering are divided into the following types:

walk-throughs.
cyclic.

Walking machines provide a constant advancement of the trunk. During processing, the log advances through the tool.

Cycling machines move and process wood during cyclic movements and are divided into:

cyclo-through: the log is motionless, the cutter moves;
cyclo-positional: the tool is stationary, the material is moving.

There are two types of motion used in woodworking: linear and rotary. The shape of the final product depends on the combination of movements. With a cyclo-pass mechanism, the logs move in a straight line, and the tool rotates. During positional movement, the barrel rotates, and the cutter moves along its axis.

An industrial cylindering machine sharpens or mills wood. The turning process is possible with the rapid rotation of the log. As a result, a lot of sawdust is formed. During milling, waste is generated periodically, in this case the tool rotates.

Rounding equipment is divided into three categories according to the level of automation:

mechanized machines. The worker loads the material, he also monitors and adjusts the mechanisms.
automatic machines. The worker only controls all processes. Loading and processing occurs automatically.
semi-automatic machines. Only one stage of woodworking is automatically controlled, then a worker is connected.

Comparison of woodworking machines

passing machines for cylindering are productive, while allowing errors in processing, roughness of surfaces;
cyclic positional equipment processes wood very efficiently and performs all operations, but is significantly inferior in performance.

Due to its compact size and stable base, cycle positioning equipment is widely used in woodworking.

Homemade cylindering machine

sawmill at the base of the machine

The easiest way is to make a machine with your own hands from a sawmill. Instead of the front cone, a stop is installed. The headstock located at the back is equipped with a stop bearing. An additional electric motor or handle is used to rotate the log.

The most difficult thing is to make a cutter, so it is made up of parts. You should choose the most durable material. The cutter moves on an additional rail. The device is similar to a conventional milling machine: a log is installed in the grooves, its rotation starts, the cutter moves along.

A homemade rounding machine must be placed on a solid concrete base. You can prepare a frame of sleepers or thick timber, installed on compacted soil.

Installation progress:

The frame is being assembled. The building level is used, an error of up to 0.5 mm per 1 m is allowed. The frame is installed at a height of 20 cm.
Installation of the power mechanism, grandmas.
A cable for an electric cable (mobile) is attached to the installed racks.
The power mechanism is equipped with a stopper.
Grounding is provided.
A motor is connected to the power supply to rotate the log. When connecting, check the compliance of the phases with the modes. If the phases are connected incorrectly, when the buttons are pressed, the head will move in the other direction. So the phases need to be reversed.
The direction of rotation of the log is checked. It changes by changing the phases on the electric motor. Before checking the connection of the phases, it is strictly forbidden to start the motors of rotation and the machine.

It is important to firmly and rigidly fix both headstocks, setting them parallel to the guides. The axes of the grandmas must match! The machine will quickly fail if the cutters are not balanced. The final stage of machine installation is the installation of cutters. The figured one is fixed on the shaft and fastened to the conical part with a bolt. A universal one is screwed into its body and tightened tightly.

If between starts it was kept in a damp place or the interval between use was more than 8 weeks, the machine should be kept in a dry shed to dry the motors.

Our life today is quite different from the life that our distant ancestors had to lead. Using the various possibilities of modernity, we rarely think about what kind of work, at what cost, we get much of what we use so easily, joyfully and serenely throughout all the days of our lives, without realizing that we are so We easily enjoy the fruits of the labor of others. We are used to the fact that in our life there is everything that can make our life more comfortable, save us from any unnecessary, unpleasant problems and difficulties.

Tips

Task: I read the tips that talk about the mandatory insulation of a house made of cylindering, but insulation should be done only from the outside, but wooden houses stand without insulation, i.e. bang outside, is it really freezing there?

Solution: With the correct installation of such houses, the walls DO NOT INSULATE, their thickness and good caulking are quite enough. Wood is one of the best heat insulators, That is, it has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. sheathing and was heated by one Russian stove, which was heated twice a day, in the morning and in the evening, and no one was cold. A wooden house in this case is much more efficient than a brick one, do not insulate the latter. baked in a kiln.

Machine tools for the manufacture of rounded logs.

In order to obtain an even building material in the form of a straight even cylinder, of the same size, of a certain length from a whole log, it must be processed on special equipment. The quality of this log at the exit depends on the type of processing machine. A rounded log is usually cleanly milled completely and has one size throughout its entire length.

Machines for the manufacture of logs, depending on the method of processing the workpiece, are of two types. A broaching machine, also called a rotary machine, pulls a log through a special head that rotates and cuts it. The big disadvantage of such processing is the need for pre-treatment and the fact that the log remains natural curvature, which, when installed or laid in a log house, will leave uneven gaps between the logs, which will affect the quality of the structure. Although the performance of this machine is very high.
Center or turn-mill machines for the manufacture of rounded logs allow you to achieve a much better result in processing the workpiece due to the fact that the rotating and cutting head moves along the log, which also rotates. They are less productive, but less energy intensive and provide a higher quality of processing. So the OSM-500 machine removes a layer of chips up to 80 millimeters in one pass, it takes about 5-8 minutes, it processes up to 10 cubic meters of wood per shift. To increase productivity, the modified OCM2-500 machine processes two logs in a row at once with one carriage. Time is saved due to the simultaneous reloading and processing of two workpieces at once. Also, thanks to the extended frame, the machine can process logs up to 15 meters long. The performance of the modified machine increases by 40-50%, with the same energy costs. The modern Woodver machine, in addition to roughing and finishing cylindering, makes a selection of the mounting groove, and also carries out plane milling and selection of crown cups.

Characteristics

Products from the rounded log.

For a long time, mankind has mastered the construction of housing from a wooden frame. This technology has been preserved to our times, only now rounded wood is used instead of a wooden frame. Thanks to the mechanization of the log processing process, it is possible to round it to the most accurate dimensions. Unlike a wooden log house, which is made by hand, it has a higher manufacturing and installation speed, while maintaining the wonderful natural properties of wood.

Thanks to cylindering, wooden houses are gaining popularity again. But wood is not only a material for the construction of various buildings, it makes an excellent material for decoration. Products made of rounded logs can be used for decoration both indoors and outdoors in the yard or garden. At first glance, it may not be clear how with the help of a log you can do something else besides buildings, especially decorative things. But with a little imagination, it becomes clear that even an ordinary rounded log, placed in the garden in the right place, is quite suitable for performing the function of a decorative pillar. It would seem that there is no sense in such a decoration, but thanks to decorating with a tree, comfort and originality are created.
Products made of round logs made with a creative approach can be garden benches, flower beds, various decorative fences around fruit trees, gazebos, sheds over the pool, greenhouses and playgrounds. Especially beautifully you can arrange a playground with the help of rounded wood. With the help of imagination and skillful hands, you can build a sandbox, a swing, a car, a steam locomotive and even an airplane on the playground. From the slide, built of logs, the children will be delighted. And without decorative stumps, on which children love to jump, there is no playground at all. These are the possibilities that a modern rounded log has, they are endless, the main thing is to competently approach the implementation of the original idea from this material.

DIY

Drying rounded logs with your own hands.

Wood materials have always been in high demand, as they are ideal for repairs and construction. Natural wood has such advantages as environmental friendliness, strength and reliability, excellent sound and heat insulation properties, beautiful and aesthetic appearance. But in order for the tree to be suitable for certain work, it must be thoroughly dried.
Drying rounded logs, as a rule, is carried out in special chambers. Drying in natural conditions does not provide the required moisture level of the material, as a result of which it can be deformed, covered with cracks in the very first months of operation. The round log of chamber drying is widely used today in construction, as it practically does not shrink, which is a maximum of 5-10 millimeters per floor of the house. Therefore, you can move into the house immediately after the completion of construction.
Drying of rounded logs takes several weeks, during which the wood acquires a moisture content in the range from 15 to 20%. Logs subjected to artificial drying have significantly fewer cracks than material that dries naturally. The walls of the house, built from well-dried logs, can be painted using any type of paint and varnish materials. Finishing is allowed immediately after construction is completed.
In order to obtain a rounded chamber-drying log, manufacturers use special chambers. Given that the cost of such cameras is quite high, this is reflected in the cost of the material, the price of which is relatively high. But in the future, the cost of a log dried in a special chamber will definitely pay off. Indeed, the service life, the suitability of the building for people to live in it, will depend on the quality of the whole house, its decoration. In addition, a house made of well-dried wood requires less maintenance, is more durable and less prone to defects.

Prices / Order

Firms

The DIAKOM manufacturing enterprise was founded in 2006 and specializes in the manufacture of equipment for wooden housing construction for small and medium-sized businesses and individual entrepreneurs, so the main difference between our machines is versatility, ease of maintenance and affordable price.

We create woodworking equipment for you to earn on it! The specialists of our company will help you choose the best option and complete set of lines for rounding logs, production of profiled timber, or sawmill equipment, they can give advice on organizing a business.

When ordering machines manufactured by PA "DIAKOM", you get equipment designed to suit your needs. All sawmills are equipped as standard with high-quality circular saws with scoring knives from the leading European manufacturer Gass. Traverse movement units have high-precision screw feed with bronze nuts. You also receive constant qualified support from our technical specialists.

Cylinder milling machines PO-2, PO-4 have all the advantages of a turning-milling processing scheme (high quality, simple design). Along with this, the cylindering machine PO-2 has a high productivity of longitudinal processing due to a two-spindle design.

The first cutter of the rounding machine performs roughing (processing depth up to 40 mm). The cutter is also used for sampling the longitudinal mounting groove.

The second cutter of the taiga rounding machine is used for finishing and ensures a high surface quality. The cutter also serves to cut the cup at right angles to the log axis.

Tips

Log processing. Be careful!

Log processing In the construction industry, as in many others, one of the main problems is outdated equipment. The reason for this is not only a lack of funds, but also the unwillingness of some leaders to get additional funds into the construction process. So, one of the global problems in the construction services market is the problem of the technology of manufacturing houses from logs and their installation.

Nowadays, most firms that are engaged in the manufacture of houses from logs and their installation, in the manufacturing process, use long-standing technologies. The main reason for this is that it is easier for a firm to build a low-quality house and sell it at a low price than it is to invest extra money in production, make its “product” quality and sell it at a higher price. The consequences of savings in the process of building log houses can best be explained by experts.

As a result of simplifying any of the stages of construction, the aesthetic qualities of the house deteriorate. In industrial conditions, two types of log houses can be made. These houses differ in the method of processing logs. The first method is building a house from planed logs. In order to make a log planed, it is planed along the grain. The log takes shape as a result of milling from four sides. The second method is the construction of a house from milled logs. A milled log is made by cutting wood with a cutter across the fibers. At its core, the technology of this log processing method is similar to the technology of a pencil sharpener. Planed logs are of higher quality, and houses made from them have a greater reputation than houses made from milled logs.

By processing a log with a cutter, a cylindrical log is obtained; it is impossible to obtain a complex profile. The surface of the log after such processing is not of high quality.

The quality of a log also depends on the machine on which it was processed. There are two main types of log processing machines: broaching machines and centering machines. On broaching machines, the log is pulled through a special rotating head that cuts the log. The main disadvantage of such a machine is that it leaves the curvature of the log. The walls of the house from such a log will not be dense. The situation is quite different when processing a log on a center machine, where a rotating and cutting head moves along the length of the log. On such a machine, the log is made evener, which makes it possible to obtain dense walls when installing a house.

As a result, the method of processing logs greatly affects the quality characteristics of a wooden house. As a rule, manufacturers do not say on the basis of which processing method they prepare materials for houses, or on which machine the logs are processed. In order to protect yourself from purchasing low-quality products, or simply to find out what kind of material you are dealing with, it is better to ask the manufacturer for details. There is another option, when a certain company does not manufacture wall material, but buys it on the side. In this case, it is very difficult to determine the quality of the logs.

Not only the profile, the purity of the surface treatment, the diameter and curvature of the log, but also much more depend on the manufacturing technology. For example, when the technical base of a given company allows it, you can cut a straight line or an oblique cup with a milling cutter, trim a log at an oblique angle, drill holes for dowels, or a stud system. It also allows you to make grooves for the installation of various joinery, expansion grooves, or insulation grooves with a cutter, and most importantly, you can make the log profile complex.

A complex log profile has many advantages. For example, the walls that are made of such a log are very dense, which reduces their wind blowing. This is also achieved through an insulating groove. An important factor is that when the log profile is complex, the logs fit snugly one to one along their entire length through special shoulders.

Please note that in the first year and a half, buildings from a simple cylindrical log of natural humidity are dried. The natural humidity of a log is 30-35% in winter, in summer the moisture content of a log is slightly higher. As a result of drying, the diameter of the log decreases, cracks appear on the surface of the log. As a result, the height of the log house and the density of the walls are reduced. Drying occurs during the summer period, as well as during the heating season. If the forest from which this building was built was cut down in winter, then it will dry out by about 5-7%, the summer forest dries out much more.

The insulating groove, that is, the junction along the length of the logs, is of great importance. The greater the width of the groove, the better the logs will fit, the warmer the walls will be.

Now, having leveled all the pros and cons, decide for yourself what material to choose from a log house.

Types of cutters for wood machines

You can buy ready-made woodworking machines with a minimum set of cutters. Having made the machine with our own hands, we are faced with the problem of choice. What cutters are needed and why?

Two, three cutting edges on a carbide cutter are needed to process any materials - wood, acrylic, plexiglass, PVC, copper, magnesium, brass and aluminum. With this tool, you can cut molds and clichés and other types of products, as it can work with non-ferrous metals. A smooth cut of the machined surface is provided by the number of teeth and the depth of the grooves, which gives a crushed chip during milling and improves the quality of processing. These cutters are also used for through cutting.

Woodpecker milling cutters - spherical or ball-shaped have found application for 3D machining.

Non-ferrous metals, wood, plastic, steel, etc. they can be processed. Surfaces when processed with such cutters are less rough due to reduced vibration during processing.

They will help to avoid burrs, irregularities, chips on the surface that was processed with milling cutters, the cutting part of which resembles a fish tail PrBits (USA): MM series (for PVC and wood), MN series (for brass, aluminum). When machining material, deep grooves enable high feed rates in high speed machining. The geometry of the blade reduces vibration during processing to zero, and the ejection of chips from the cutting site is provided by the geometry of the cutter.

The MN series on the product indicates its use for mechanical processing of precious and non-ferrous metals, processing of medium hard metals and artificial stone, milling plates from aluminum and brass.

The MM series of cutters are suitable for pocket cutting, softwood, hardwood, soft materials and composites.

Diamond-tipped RCD cutters make it possible to obtain a very smooth cut of the side walls of the material being machined. They are used for soft materials.

PrBits (USA) micro-cutters are used when the distance between the cut points is less than 1 mm.

PrBits flat engravers are designed for 3D processing and 2D engraving. They are also suitable for processing soft and precious metal, wood and plastic.

In conclusion, I would like to say whether you are going to buy woodworking machines or do it yourself, information about the brands of cutters and their use will make your life easier and improve the quality of products.

Characteristics

Types of milling cutters

When choosing the router that you need, you should decide on its type, of which there are three:
upper;
edging;
lamellar.
Top milling cutters can be fixed and submersible. The upper ones are a motor that has milling depth settings by moving up and down. The position of the cutter in it will have to be changed without turning it off, which is very difficult, especially for beginners. The convenience of the submersible version is that the motor slides along the guides, and thanks to the rigid springs, you can raise and lower the cutter without leaving the part. Such a device greatly facilitates the entire process of work, which is even easier for beginners to handle. Examples of good top routers include Makita RP 1110C, Ryobi ERT1400RV, Protool NRP 90K and others.
Bosch
edge router
The edge router, as its name implies, is mainly used for turning edges and chamfering (for example, Bosch GKF 600 Professional, Makita RT7700C, etc.).
With the help of a lamellar router, grooves are made, with the help of which the parts of the product are connected (for example, Makita 3901, Ferm FBJ-710, etc.).
ferm-fbj-710
lamellar router
Choosing a hand router
To make the right choice of the type of router you need, you should evaluate its most important characteristics.
Power
Milling cutters are divided into heavy (more than 1200 W), medium (about 1100 W) and light (750 W). For domestic purposes, milling cutters of medium and light levels are quite sufficient.
Speed
It is on this parameter that the set of materials with which the router is able to work depends: the lower the speed, the more accessible the materials that it can overcome should be. The number of revolutions, as a rule, can range between 7 and 24 thousand.
Switch
An important point that is often overlooked. The router must have protection against accidental start-up and a locking mechanism. If the latter does not appear, then the switch will need to be held all the time, which will interfere with work.
Collet
Conical steel collet devices are considered the best. It is desirable that it be made of hardened steel, which guarantees a long life span for the entire collet.
Dust extraction
Dust extraction is currently installed on almost all cutters. The most efficient operation is ensured by the built-in dust extraction.
Sole
The sole is the most important component of the device, made of stamped metal. In cutters of the highest quality, soles are cast. Guide parts and vertical rods are attached to the base support. The sole should be covered with a wooden or plastic overlay.
Rod mechanism
The quality of the rods determines the performance and overall functionality of the cutter. The head part should fall along them smoothly and effortlessly.

Auxiliary parts
In addition to everything that has been listed, other equally important details play when choosing a router.
The use of a router in a rough cut is very rare. Most often it is needed where the accuracy must be filigree. It is in this case that the role of those guides that are included in the package becomes extremely important.
The parallel stop ensures that the router is kept at an equal distance from the part along its entire length. It is very important that it be made of high quality alloys, and the place of its contact with the workpiece be insulated with a plastic overlay.
A round plate, which has a small side and is called a sleeve (copy ring), must be inserted into the opening of the sole. It is necessary to pay attention to the ease of its fixation. Ideally, the design should be equipped with a quick-clamping mechanism. This will avoid unnecessary movements during the positioning of the part.
Thanks to the angular stop, it is possible to copy the workpiece. In this case, the part is located above the template, while the cutter rests on a specially provided probe during operation. When buying, you should check if it has an adjustment.

Why do you need sharpening cutters

If you are interested in sharpening cutters, then be sure to read this material. It must be said that milling cutters are actively used for processing parts on molding and tenoning, milling, copying and some other woodworking machines. They differ in size, shape and purpose. Mills can be divided into two groups, namely shell and end mills.

Shell cutters are distinguished by the presence of a central hole with which they are mounted on the spindle and fastened. End mills have a special tail, which is mounted in a special hole in the spindle. Shell cutters can be compound, solid and prefabricated.

Compound cutters are a set of solid cutters, prefabricated cutters have a body with special legs and other cutting elements. Compound cutters can be adjustable and non-adjustable. End mills are also divided into prefabricated and solid. Shell and end mills are further subdivided into not backed and backed. In the latest cutters, sharpening is carried out along the front edge to maintain the angular rear parameters of the tool.

Spindles of milling machines have a speed of rotation from 3 to 24 thousand revolutions. It is for this reason that the cutters must be balanced in preparation for work. There are two balancing options, namely dynamic and static. Static balancing helps to balance the forces that act on a rotating cutter. The cutter is fixed in the mandrel and balanced on a special device. The device consists of a pair of horizontal knives (guides). Fixing the position of the cutter, you need to find and correct the unbalanced mass.

Dynamic balancing is carried out using special machines. At the same time, not only forces are balanced, but also the moments that act on the cutter during rotation. This is extremely important for long shafts and cutterheads.

Milling cutters are sharpened on special high-precision machines. Of the relatively affordable foreign grinding equipment, JF machines have proven themselves to be excellent. They are available in different configurations, can be both manual and automated. What unites them is that they are supplied with special linear bearings on the guides of the table, which ensures movement accuracy up to 0.005 millimeters. The rotation speed of the sharpening disc is from 1.5 to 5 thousand revolutions per second, in addition, there are special models with the ability to control the speed.

DIY

MANUAL FREZER

The router allows you to chamfer, shape the edge, create decorative carvings and work on workpieces before starting more detailed work. However, routers do not only work with materials such as wood. A manual milling cutter for metal differs only in the presence of appropriate milling cutters, however, even in this case, it can only be used with soft metals. Works on plexiglass, plastic and other similar materials are also possible. It all depends on the type of cutters you choose.

The tool is arranged as follows: the spindle is connected to the rotor, and the corresponding cutter is already attached to the spindle itself. The spindle, when turned on, starts to rotate, and in the state of rotation, it is able to cut the material due to sharp knives. According to all the laws of physics, the speed of rotation determines the accuracy of the work. In other words, the more powerful the router, the more accurate the work it performs. However, it is worth considering the material with which you intend to work: the required number of revolutions will directly depend on the density of the material. By the way, it is for this purpose that almost every router is equipped with a regulator.

According to the structure described above, a hand router has 2 main elements: a cutter and a motor. All other details are only "intermediaries" that ensure the operation of these elements. Based on this, the parameters of the cutters and the engine always come first when choosing the right tool.

Types of manual routers

To describe all instruments of this type, it is necessary to bring them into a standard classification.

1. According to the method of application:

- lamellar - a tool that is better than others for making grooves connecting parts;

- edge banding (or edge) - a milling cutter designed for making edges and chamfering;

- upper - a universal manual milling cutter, since it can be used for any woodworking.

2. Milling cutter universal (upper) according to the method of action is divided into:

- fixed - the engine is rigidly fixed, and the very depth of milling depends on the movement up / down;

- submersible - the engine moves with the cutter (such a tool will be much simpler for beginners).

3. Narrow profiles are subdivided according to the materials and parts to which should be applied:

– tenoning machines;

- for work on drywall;

- grooves;

- others.

Thus, the choice of tool depends on the scope of application. But if the router is just a motor capable of rotating the cutter, is it possible to make something similar yourself?

Do-it-yourself manual milling cutter

There can be many reasons to assemble a homemade hand router, from high prices, to the desire to make a versatile tool that can perform a number of tasks, or one that would fully meet the expectations of the carpenter.

We need: an electric motor, a cutter and a chuck. By the way, the engine can be from almost any electrical device. The only condition is that it must be in working order. As for the cartridge, you simply cannot find a better part than a cartridge for a puncher: the principle of operation is no different, and the part is designed to work at high powers. You can use durable plastic (PVC) as a base for the engine, or you can not waste your money and use standard chipboard sheets. Cut out, attach to the engine. Then a logical question arises: how to connect the cartridge and the engine? Despite the fact that we do the router with our own hands, you will have to turn to professionals for help. We need a special adapter, which can be ordered from any knowledgeable craftsman. This will take some time.

In principle, our cutter is ready. This cutter is manual. The price of such a tool fluctuates around two to three thousand rubles, taking into account all the materials. When compared with similar routers that are offered to us by online stores, you can notice a significant difference in price. It remains only to select the necessary cutters, and you can start working. If there is a desire to make a machine tool out of a hand tool, you just need to cut out the frame of the appropriate size and make holes in the right places. Thus, we have made not just a hand router, but also a truly universal tool.

But there are a couple of reservations about the disadvantages of our invention. Most likely, such a router will not give sufficient speeds for high-quality work, like a purchased one, but it is perfect for “rough” woodworking.

Prices / Order

The proposed cutters for processing a cylindrical surface on a log are designed for lathes, where a rotating cutter is installed in place of the cutter. The cutter consists of a standard body of the 00.100.04 series and a trapezoidal knife with two lead-in and calibrating parts coupled with a significant radius. The size of the lead-in allows you to remove the allowance up to 20mm per side. The design of the knife allows processing in both directions.

The entire set of knives is simultaneously reground along the plane on the magnetic plate of the surface grinder and has a resource of up to 20 regrinds.

No. of milling group	D pos., mm	Dout.fr., mm	Price	Spare blade set no.	Price
FG.80.160-250.130.40	40	170	12 483 rubles	00.100.04.941	6 570 rubles
FG.80.160-250.145.40	40	185	$13,359
FG.80.160-250.130.50	50	170	12 483 rubles
FG.80.160-250.145.50	50	185	$13,359

Firms

How to choose the right woodworking machine?

How to choose the right woodworking machine? Currently, properly selected woodworking machines will help in many ways to correctly organize the production of the corresponding products. When choosing equipment, you must first of all pay attention to quality, because often focusing purely on cost, you can purchase low-quality machines, which will subsequently require investments in repair work.

When choosing equipment for processing wood material, attention should be paid not only to its characteristics, but also without fail to warranty periods, the possibility of adjustment work before operation, maintainability and reliability of the machine. When choosing woodworking machines, one must first of all rely on economic feasibility.

It is necessary to calculate the time of its payback in order to subsequently return the spent material resources. It is necessary to take into account the raw materials used and the diameter of the logs with which you will have to work. If you plan to use raw materials with a diameter of fifty to eighty centimeters, then in this case you can give preference to tape machines for wood processing.

For example, for sawing softwood material up to one hundred and twenty centimeters in diameter, a special circular saw should be used. To ensure the proper level of sawing of larch, oak and rosewood trees, the use of a circular saw will not be justified from an economic point of view.

These are quite expensive materials, and during the operation of a circular saw, quite a lot of waste is released in the form of sawdust. Today, it is simply impossible to do without a competent approach in choosing woodworking equipment, because any miscalculations can subsequently become an unbearable burden in the form of losses.

That is why the purchase of each machine must be verified and accurate, because together they must form a real complex for the proper level of material processing. Otherwise, all undertakings will be crossed out, and it will not be possible to achieve the organization of effective production.

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