How to solder two aluminum tubes. How to connect two aluminum pipes. Option #2: Capillary soldering

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Size matters: how to connect two pipes of the same diameter

In this article I want to talk about ways to connect pipes, first of all - sealed, used in the installation of water supply and sewerage. The material is of an overview nature and is intended only to acquaint the reader with a variety of mounting methods: I deliberately will not mention the subtleties of technology and recommend this or that tool. So, let's go.

Steel

Despite the abundance of polymer pipes, black and galvanized steel is still in demand in the housing and utilities sector and in the installation of high pressure lines. The methods used to connect elements of steel pipelines to a large extent depend on the cross section of the pipe.

Electric welding

Diameters: any, pipe wall thickness: from 0.5 mm.

When welding with high currents, it is easy to burn through the walls of a thin-walled pipe; a decrease in current leads to sticking of the electrode. Therefore, electric welding of thin metal requires a certain skill.

Advantage: arc welding is the only way to connect large diameter pipes with significant wall thicknesses that provides acceptable weld strength. Automated welding is used in the production of seam pipes and in the installation of pipelines.

Disadvantage: A sealed seam is almost impossible for a beginner. Welding pipelines requires the highest qualifications.

Technology:

As usual, there are a number of nuances:

The chamfer can be removed only from the outside of the pipe or from the outside and from the inside. Thick-walled pipes of large diameters are welded on both sides;
When welding pipes of small diameters, the lashes must first be grabbed at two or three points and aligned along a common axis, then proceed to weld welding around the entire circumference. Due to uneven heating, the seam area leads noticeably;
Welding can be performed with a continuous supply of argon to the area of the arc. Inert gas completely eliminates the oxidation of the seam.

Minor leaks on cold water lines can be eliminated by rubbing a hot seam with a piece of bitumen. Due to the capillary effect, it instantly fills the pores with the melt. On hot water, this instruction is useless: when reheated, the bitumen will melt again and be forced out of the pores.

Gas welding

Diameters: up to 100 - 150 mm.

Pipe wall thickness: up to 3-4 mm.

Advantage: undemanding to the experience of the welder. I got a sealed seam after a few hours of practice.

Disadvantage: the inability to cook thick-walled pipes with gas. The burner is simply unable to heat their walls until the edges are melted.

Technology:

The pipe is cut perpendicular to the longitudinal axis;
From thick-walled pipes (more than 2 mm), the outer chamfer is removed;
The edges of the future seam are heated with an acetylene torch to a bright red glow and fusing edges;
A welding wire is introduced into the torch of the burner, the melt of which fills the seam. The melt bath must not solidify: only in this case the seam will be airtight.

A special case

Fixed sutures are welded with a mirror or with the help of a surgical suture. In the latter case, a window is cut in the pipe, then the seam is welded from the inside, after which the window is welded again.

Coupling

Diameters: up to 50 mm.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantage: the simplest threaded connection of pipes that can be connected in series and rotate around the longitudinal axis.

Disadvantage: the coupling assembly of a long whip eliminates the dismantling of a separate connection. Pipes have to be unscrewed from the couplings sequentially.

Technology:

Pipes face at right angles to the longitudinal axis;
On a lathe or with your own hands, using a die, a short (five thread) thread is cut on both connected pipes;
A threaded pipe is screwed onto one of the pipes, into which the second pipe is screwed. For sealing, sanitary flax is used (preferably impregnated with paint or sealant) or polymer sealing thread.

Couplings, in particular, were installed in houses with steel water supply lines and served to connect them to eccentrics when installing a wall-mounted mixer.

Sgon

Diameters: up to 50 mm.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantage: makes the connection of fixed pipes collapsible.

Flaw: the long thread of the drive is the most vulnerable to corrosion due to the minimum wall thickness and the absence of a protective paint coating. It, being applied, is violated at the first disassembly.

Technology:

A short thread (5 threads) is cut on one pipe, a long thread (12-15 threads) is cut on the other;
A lock nut and a coupling are successively screwed onto a long thread;
The coupling is driven all the way to the wound short thread;
Following it, a lock nut is driven, clamping the winding of the thread in front of the coupling.

flanges

Diameter: 76 mm or more.

Wall thickness: from 3 mm.

Advantages:

The connection remains collapsible, including on fixed lashes;
The force required for mounting or dismounting is not tied to the diameter of the pipe. With an increase in diameter, the number of bolts tightening the flanges increases;
Flanges can be used to connect to shut-off valves or to install retaining washers. In particular, it is the washers that circulate in the hot water risers of most houses built in the 80s and newer.

Disadvantages: the flange is mounted only by electric welding, which is not always convenient in the field.

Technology:

Pipes face perpendicular to the longitudinal axis;
External (and with a large diameter - internal) chamfers are removed from them;
Flanges are welded;
After cooling and cleaning the seam, the flanges are pulled together through a rubber, silicone or paronite gasket. The bolts are tightened alternately, crosswise, one turn at a time. The price of breaking this simple rule is uneven compression of the gasket and a high probability of leaks during pressure surges.

Compression fittings

Diameters: up to 32 mm.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantages: extremely simple installation with the help of an improvised tool, the possibility of installation on pipes affected by corrosion.

Disadvantage: low tensile strength of the connection.

Technology:

The edges of the pipes are cleaned from paint and rust;
They are then inserted into the fitting with the nuts loosened;
Nuts are tightened. At the same time, they compress the pipe with rubber o-rings, sealing the connection.

A special case

Compression fittings are also used for the installation of corrugated stainless steel pipes. However, in this case, the strength of the connection is not inferior to the strength of the pipe itself: it can withstand pressure up to 50-65 atmospheres. The secret is simple: the silicone sealant of the fitting compresses not a smooth surface, but a corrugation crest, so it is almost impossible to pull it out of a tightened fitting.

Many fittings use an additional locking of the comb with a split retaining ring.

American

Diameter: up to 32 mm.

These are the sizes of American women I saw on sale. Perhaps they are also produced for diameters of 40 - 50 mm, but I have not seen such offers in the assortment of local construction and online stores.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantages: extremely fast disassembly of the connection. To open the pipeline, it is enough to unscrew the cap nut.

Disadvantage: American pipe connection requires pre-threading.

Technology: the halves of the dismantled American fitting are wound onto the wound threads of adjacent pipes, after which they are pulled together with a union nut. Tightness is ensured by an annular rubber gasket.

Crabs

The so-called crabs are steel plates that allow you to bolt round and shaped pipes. They are used in the assembly of greenhouse frames, racks (trade, for tools, etc.) and other structures that do not require special strength or tightness of joints.

Pipe sizes: diameter up to 25 mm; sections of profile pipes up to 20x40 and 25x25.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantages: allow quick assembly and disassembly with a pair of open-end or box wrenches; allow multiple reuse of fasteners and pipes.

Disadvantage: limited strength.

Technology: the ends of the pipe are clamped between the halves of the "crab", after which they are pulled together with bolts and nuts.

Collected on the "crabs" greenhouse.

PVC

PVC pipes are known, first of all, as the most affordable solution for indoor and outdoor installation. However, pressure socket pipes are also used for the installation of water pipes.

O-rings

The connection of PVC pipes with the help of ring seals is practiced both in free-flow sewage and in pressure pipelines. Only the thickness of the pipe walls and the force required to undock the socket differ.

Diameters: 50 - 600 mm.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantages: pipes are delivered completely ready for installation of the connection, with ring seals installed. When cutting to size for installation, couplings with two opposite sockets are used.

Disadvantages: a lot of effort required to assemble the joint with a large pipe diameter; the possibility of spontaneous disconnection of the connection.

Technology:

The factory ends of the pipes are ready for joining. On pipes cut to size, burrs are cleaned and the outer chamfer is removed;
A small amount of liquid soap or silicone grease is applied to the end of the pipe and the o-ring;
The pipe is pressed into the socket.

With a significant effort required for pressing, the following can be used:

Clamp and lever systems;
Loading equipment.

Adhesive connections

They are used in the installation of pressure pipelines. The glue is a solution of polyvinyl chloride in an organic solvent.

Diameter: up to 110 mm.

Wall thickness: any.

Dignity: the connection is almost as strong as a solid section.

Disadvantage: the connection is made non-separable.

How to connect PVC pipes with glue?

Glue is applied to the inside of the socket and to the end of the pipe with the outer chamfer removed;
A smooth section of the pipe is inserted into the socket and rotates 90 degrees;
The connection is fixed until the glue sets (no more than 1 minute).

Polypropylene

The only mass-used method of connecting propylene pipes is socket welding. For this purpose, a monolithic polypropylene sleeve is used.

Diameters: 20-110 mm.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantage: the connection is as strong as a solid pipe.

Disadvantages: requires a special tool (low-temperature soldering iron); the connection is non-separable and can only be cut out.

Technology:

The pipe is cut with a pipe cutter or a regular hacksaw;
The outer chamfer is removed;

Aluminium-reinforced PN25 pipe requires stripping of aluminum foil in the welding area. For this purpose, a hand-held shaver or a drill attachment similar in functionality is used.

The pipe is inserted into a soldering iron nozzle of the appropriate diameter heated to 240 degrees. At the same time, the second side of the nozzle is used to melt the sleeve;

The fitting and the pipe are combined with a smooth translational movement and are fixed until the polymer melt sets. The time of fixing, heating and cooling is predictably determined by the section of the pipe. For the convenience of the reader, I will collect all the recommended parameters in one table.

Diameter	Heat	Fixation	Complete cooling
20 mm	7 sec	6 sec	2 minutes
25 mm	8 sec	10 sec	2 minutes
32 mm	8 sec	10 sec	4 min
40 mm	12 sec	20 sec	4 min
50 mm	18 sec	20 sec	4 min
63 mm	24 sec	30 sec	6 min
75 mm	30 sec	30 sec	6 min
90 mm	40 sec	40 sec	6 min
110 mm	50 sec	50 sec	8 min

Polyethylene

Polyethylene pipes are used:

For laying pressure sewerage;
As a material for cold water mains;
When organizing country water pipelines;
When installing a non-pressure sewer.

When installing a polyethylene sewer, the connection of HDPE pipes is no different from that for socketed PVC pipes with ring seals.

The black sewer pipe is polyethylene.

For pressure water pipes, two fundamentally different installation methods are used.

Butt welding

Diameter: from 40 to 2400 mm.

Wall thickness: from 4 to 70 mm.

Advantage: the strength of the seam reaches 80% of the strength of a monolithic pipe.

Disadvantage: when joining pipelines of large diameters, expensive equipment and mechanical or hydraulic devices for centering and clamping are required.

The clamping force of the pipe during butt welding should reach 1.5 kgf / cm. In this case, the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe cut of the pipe can be calculated in thousands of square centimeters.

Technology:

The pipe ends only at a right angle to the longitudinal axis;
Welded ends are centered;
A heater mirror is inserted between them;
After melting, the mirror is removed, and the ends of the pipes are pressed against each other;
After complete cooling of the joint, the burr (extruded polymer melt) is mechanically cleaned on the inside of the pipe.

Compression fittings

How to connect HDPE pipes with a small diameter and insignificant wall thickness?

In this case, the compression fittings already familiar to us are used.

Diameter: 16 - 32 mm.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantages: easy installation without the use of tools, quick disassembly.

Disadvantage: relatively low tensile strength.

Technology:

A union nut, a retaining ring and a rubber or polyethylene seal are successively put on the pipe;
Its end is inserted into the fitting;
The nut is tightened, compressing the pipe with a sealant.

metal-plastic

Metal-plastic is two layers of cross-linked (reinforced by cross-links between polymer molecules) polyethylene with a thin aluminum tube between them. During installation, three connection methods are used.

Compression fittings

Diameters: any.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantage: the use of the simplest hand tools. I usually use for fitting assembly a pair of spanners.

Disadvantage: The quality of the connection depends on the correct assembly technology. If the pipe is not sized, the rubber o-rings will dislodge over the fitting and leak after several heating and cooling cycles.

Technology:

We cut the pipe with pipe cutter scissors;
Calibrate it and remove the internal chamfer;
We put a union nut and a split ring on the pipe;
Apply silicone grease to the fitting fitting;
Carefully, so as not to displace the sealing rings, we put the pipe on the fitting;
Until it stops, we shift the split ring and nut to the fitting;

Tighten the nut until you feel resistance.

Press fittings

Their only difference from the previous solution is that instead of a union nut and a split ring, the pipe is crimped on the fitting with a stainless steel sleeve.

Diameter: any.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantage: a properly made connection does not leak at any temperature fluctuations.

I suspect that press fittings do not flow just because when installing them, professionals are not too lazy to calibrate pipes and chamfer. According to my observations, a connection assembled according to all the rules on compression fittings is not inferior to a press fitting in reliability.

In the photo - a plastic tee with two push couplings and an adapter for pipe threads.

Diameter: any.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantage: easy assembly without the use of tools.

Disadvantages: high cost of fittings, moderate tensile strength of the connection.

Technology: the end of the pipe is inserted into the fitting with a previously loosened nut, after which it is tightened. The pipe is fixed with a metal ring with paws directed inward. Tightness is ensured by an annular rubber seal.

To connect the tubes of air conditioners in apartments or offices, rolling is most often used. This method is simple, affordable and safe for equipment. But sometimes it is necessary to solder the air conditioner tubes.

If you have basic technical knowledge, you can replace or solder the copper pipe in the air conditioner yourself. Pipes are not included with the device - they are bought at hardware stores. A copper pipe with silver impurities is suitable, capable of withstanding temperature fluctuations that occur during the operation of climate systems, and not subject to corrosion. Pipe materials withstand high pressure and do not deform. The chemical composition allows you to keep the surface layer for a long time, which allows the system to work without the need for repair.

Materials and equipment

Copper-phosphorus solders

The diameter of the pipe is selected based on the power of the device - the more powerful, the larger the diameter. The cost of a pipe is influenced by its technical characteristics, the brand of the manufacturer, and the characteristics of the metal. You should not save on pipes, as the service life and quality of the split system depends on it.

Soldering air conditioner pipes begins with the selection of the necessary tools and materials:

Pipe cutter. This tool will allow you to well prepare the end of the part, which will be connected with solder.
Pipe bender. To avoid creases and poor patency, you need to use a special tool so that the diameter does not change, and at the same time the pipe can be bent at an angle.
Metal soldering iron, gas burner.
Solder for soldering copper pipes of the air conditioner.

The cleanliness of the surfaces is of great importance for the strength and tightness of the soldering. But the type of solder must be chosen correctly. Soldering is carried out with hard or soft solder.

The pipe bender avoids creases while maintaining the diameter of the pipe

Solders are divided into:

copper-phosphorus;
silver.

To solder the aluminum tube of the air conditioner, two types of solder are used at once. For copper tubes, it is better to choose solder with silver ions than phosphorus. This is due to the brittleness of the phosphorus substance if the alloy contains more than 10% nickel.

If cadmium is included in the solid solder, you need to take care of your health, as the vapors poison the body.

For a high-quality connection of the tubes, a combustible mixture is selected. Check when turned on:

If the torch is of medium size and uniform blue color, this means that the gas-oxygen mixture is well balanced in composition. The metal will heat up evenly.
The pale blue color of the torch indicates that there is more oxygen in the mixture. This will oxidize the metal, and a dark coating will appear on it.

When expanding the outer tube, observe the necessary gap into which the solder will flow. In the absence of such, the connection of the tubes will not be airtight, and freon will flow out under pressure in a matter of minutes.

How copper tubes are soldered - process and rules

Before connecting the air conditioner tube, it is necessary to clean it with emery or a metal brush. Residues of grease, earth, paint impair the adhesion of solder and metal.

Soldering of air conditioner tubes is carried out with a gas burner flame. With an optimal gas mixture, the flame simultaneously cleans and heats the surfaces of the tubes, preparing them for connection.

To connect the tubes of the air conditioner by soldering, it is necessary to insert one tube into another for a length equal to or greater than the diameter of the tubes. The gap is from 0.025 cm to 0.125 cm.

The tubes are heated with a burner evenly. In order for the solder to penetrate the gap, the temperature of the inside and outside must be the same. In this case, not only the place of the proposed welding is captured, but also a little further - 7 centimeters in each direction.

The heated solder rod is dipped into a flux, a thin layer of which protects it from oxide. The smaller the flux layer, the better soldering is obtained.

After it turned out to solder the air conditioner tubes, the flux residues are cleaned off.

Conditions that are observed during work:

The burner must have a flame reduction function to control the heating process. The overheated tube is deformed and the end has to be sawn off.
Flaring is carried out on the pipe that lies towards the going freon, so that there is no friction and resistance at the place of soldering. For example: if freon goes to the left, then expand the right side of the tube and vice versa.
Since some solders emit harmful gases during heating, ventilation or a respirator should be provided.

Brazing

The low-temperature mode of joining two metal parts implies heating the main parts below 427 degrees, that is, below the melting point of the base metal. With this method, the metal oxidizes less, and local heating can be achieved. Saves energy and materials. The result is a neat, precise seam.

Features of brazing

High-temperature soldering is not used for the freon route

The melting temperature during high-temperature soldering is above 427 degrees, but below the melting temperature of the parts to be joined. The technology is different from low-temperature. Vacuum soldering uses soft tin solder. High-temperature technologies are used for joints that will later work with high temperatures.

For independent performance of work, a low-temperature regime is sufficient. The pipes are not expected to have high freon temperatures, but the connection must be made tightly to avoid refrigerant leakage during operation.

Air conditioner pipe welding

The method of argon welding of air conditioner tubes is used when aluminum tubes are worn or deformed. Argon welding is used because heated aluminum is covered with an oxide film when interacting with oxygen. Argon prevents contact with oxygen and film formation.

The tube welding method is good for repairing auto air conditioners.

For a metal pipeline, only a high-quality and reliable connection is necessary. Insufficient tightness of the system leads to low pressure in it, and, accordingly, to some inconvenience of living. Many owners of private houses and apartments know only the most popular connection methods: using a weld or thread. Of course, these methods are the most practical, especially if you have the necessary tools at hand. But there are other options for how you can connect metal pipes to each other.

Before moving on to the immediate topic, you should consider popular ways to connect metal or steel pipes. These include:

Connection of metal pipes by welding. It is used most often, but has a number of negative points:
- High price. Welding equipment is quite expensive, and its use is half the cost of a welder.
- High complexity of application. Not always, but often enough, a welder is faced with a problem in which he simply cannot apply welding. For example, in a cramped room or at high altitude.
- Insufficient welding speed. Transportation and preparation of equipment takes a lot of time, so often the welder has to wait a long time.

Pipe welding

Coupling connection. Couplings for pipes (especially large diameters) are expensive and are often used to eliminate emergencies. A more practical option is to install fittings, which will be discussed later.

Types of pipe connections without welding and threads

But if there is no welding equipment or a set of taps and lerok at hand, then the following methods should be used:

Use pipe fittings. Affordable pricing and good quality make these products the most acceptable. The fittings have a rigid structure, due to which they tightly and reliably wrap around the pipe section, without passing the liquid circulating through the system. The service life of the fitting depends on its manufacturer, so it is best to give preference to products from Switzerland or France.
Use flanges. By design, the flange resembles a standard clamp, along the inside of which there is a rubber seal. The flange has the following advantages: ease of installation, low cost, durability.
Apply the Gebo coupling. The design of the Gebo coupling is quite simple and consists of three rings (clamping, clamping and sealant), a nut and the flange itself. Installation of this product will not take much time if you know the exact installation sequence. Using the Gebo coupling, you can achieve high tightness of the connection. The service life of the product is long, with the exception of the sealing ring, which has to be changed at certain time intervals.
Apply repair and assembly clip. Structurally, this product is made in the form of two parts, which must be pulled together with bolts. It should be remembered that the repair and installation clip belongs to the category of consumables used in emergency situations. It should not be used for long term use.

The above connection methods are suitable for pipes with a rigid structure. These can be products made of metal, steel, cast iron or polyvinyl chloride. For profile products that do not require high tightness, the following connection options should be used:

Clamps for fasteners. Universal elements used in almost any construction industry. With the help of clamps, 2 or more profile pipes can be pulled together, while the design, in terms of strength, will not differ too much from the welded one.

Varieties and advantages of fittings

Why is it worth using fittings and what is the main advantage of this material? The answer is simple: these elements have a simple design, but are practical, they have a long service life and affordable cost. By not using welding equipment or expensive taps with lerks, the user achieves the same high result using simpler fittings.

Fittings are successfully used not only in the installation or repair of pipes, this material is also popular in the manufacture of compression equipment and gas turbine mechanisms. This means that the product creates sufficient tightness, with the help of a seal, even in systems with high pressure.

Types of fittings by size and application:

Direct. It means that the diameter of the product remains unchanged, both on one side and on the other. Used to connect two identical pipes.
Adapter fittings. Needed to connect two pipes of different diameters. Indispensable, for example, when repairing an old pipeline, where a large number of pipes have different sizes.
Tees. They allow you to make a branch from the main line without the help of threading or welding.
Crosses. They have the same purpose as tees, but are able to divide the main line into more branches.
Fittings. Apply as connection of flexible metal pipes. Fittings are able to create sufficient tightness even when connecting a material that changes its structure.
Plugs for the pipeline. The main function is to overlap the end of the pipes.

It should be clarified that the variety of fittings, as well as their manufacturers, allows you to purchase products both for outdoor installation and in an apartment or private house.

What is a Gebo coupling

Gebo coupling - appearance

The Gebo coupling is called a one-way coupling, which has such elements as compression rings and a threaded connection. The double-sided Gebo coupling has compression rings on both sides.

Gebo coupling design

The design of the Gebo coupling implies the presence of a special recess for a rubber seal, which creates a tight connection. The seal is made in the shape of a cone, which contributes to its penetration even into the most inaccessible cracks when tightening the coupling.

The procedure for using the Gebo coupling

In order for the operational life of this product to be as long as possible, it is necessary to know the process of proper installation, which will maintain the required tightness of the connection of metal pipes.

On both pipes, you should make the most even cut and clean its edges, getting rid of small metal burrs. Paint or enamel is also removed, down to the metal itself. To do this, you can use fine sandpaper or a special circle for the grinder.
The first to put on the pipe is the nut that comes with the coupling. Next, you need to place a cone-shaped ring on the pipe, so that the upper part of the cone looks at the nut.
The second is put on the clamping ring, followed by the seal. The seal should be turned towards the fitting.
Next, tighten the fitting so that when the nut is tightened, it does not turn. Tighten the nut so that 1-2 threads remain.

The coupling is installed and it should be checked for quality by supplying water to the system. If drops of liquid appear from under the coupling, it is necessary to slightly tighten the nut and re-check the connection for tightness. If moisture reappears, the coupling should be removed and the area under it re-cleaned.

The main advantages of the Gebo coupling

Gebo couplings are often used because of the practical ratio of pricing and product quality. With proper installation, the coupling is able to last for many years, after which it is enough to replace the rubber sealing ring on it and can be re-mounted on the pipeline.

The breadth of application of this product is also appreciated. Like ordinary fittings, the Gebo coupling is used not only in water pipes, but also in compression systems. It will take a minimum of time to make the connection, and it does not require a special tool.

Use of repair and assembly clips

Repair and installation clip

An easy-to-use pipe design that is also reliable enough to require no threading or welding. The repair and installation clip consists of two metal parts, a sealant and 4 tightening bolts. Unfortunately, it is not recommended to use the clip for a long time period - this type of fitting is designed to quickly eliminate emergencies.

It does not take much time to install the clip (along with stripping). But the connection should be carried out painstakingly, and after installation it is imperative to check its quality.

The sequence of application of the repair and assembly clip

The clip is easy to close, for example, a crack in a pipeline without threading or welding. It is not suitable for connecting two pipes. Therefore, after detecting a crack, the area around it should be carefully cleaned with fine sandpaper. After stripping, a clean and smooth surface should form, on which the sealant will lie tightly.
Next, a rubber seal for pipes is put on the damaged place, so as to completely close it. The slightest gap will cause fluid to leak.
Now, two halves of the repair and installation clip should be put on the seal and pulled together with four bolts. It is not necessary to overtighten, so as not to damage the thread.
Let the fluid in and check if the connection is tight enough. Tighten bolts or nuts if necessary.

The simplicity of this method makes it very popular. The second positive quality is that the repair and assembly clip has a low cost.

Flange connection - easy installation and affordable price

Flange connections are used even when it is necessary to join a plastic and metal pipe without threading or welding. This connection of metal pipes without welding is carried out with the help of bolts, it has high strength and tightness.

The design of the flange for the pipeline is simple: 2 metal discs, each of which fits a pipe. Between the discs is a rubber seal. To connect the structure, bolts are provided, on which, on the other hand, nuts are put on.

Such a connection of steel pipes is reliable and durable, can be operated for several decades. But at certain time intervals (1-3 years), the flange must be maintained for the connection and the quality of the seal must be checked.

In modern construction, a wide variety of pipes are used. There is also a large selection of ways to connect them into a single pipeline. Some require the use of special equipment and skills, while others can be handled by just about anyone. This article will discuss how to connect two pipes.

We connect metal pipes

Welding of metal pipes

To connect two metal pipes, two methods can be used:

welding;
threaded connection.

The first option has recently been used less and less. The fact is that welding requires the use of special equipment - a welding machine. Also, such work should be carried out by a specially trained specialist.

The connection itself can be made using various methods:

transverse butt;
longitudinal butt;
one-sided corner;
double-sided corner;
socket overlap, etc.

Most of these terms are familiar only to specialists. Therefore, if a decision is made to connect the pipeline using electric welding, then it is better to call the master. The joints themselves are strong and reliable (subject to a well-done job).

Soldering copper pipes

If copper pipes are used, then the soldering method is used. Such pipelines are mainly used in elite buildings (copper is very expensive). Therefore, one cannot do without a highly qualified specialist, although if you read the article “Soldering copper pipes with your own hands”, you can try.

A more common method is a threaded connection. Anyone can assemble any pipeline using this method. In this case, the assembled structure can be either straight or with turns and bends. To do this, threads are cut at the ends of the pipes and a special lock nut is screwed on.

Threading a pipe by hand

The thread can be cut both at the factory and at home, because when installing pipelines it is often necessary to cut pipes, in which case you can do the cutting yourself. For this, most often, a special device is used - a klupp. This is a special, small tool made of high-strength material. By screwing this device onto a pipe, a thread is cut on it.

Klupp

The locknut is screwed onto the pipe joints. The result is a strong and reliable connection. Tow or fum tape wound around the thread is used as a sealing material.

You can also meet the connection without the use of nuts. In this case, fum or tow is wound on the thread and the pipes are screwed into the purchased coupling with an internal thread.

Scheme of pipeline installation on a threaded connection

Among the advantages of this method of connecting two pipes are its simplicity (all work is carried out without welding), reliability and collapsibility of the resulting joint. Namely, these properties are needed when creating intra-apartment pipelines.

Connection of pipes from other materials

Soldering polypropylene pipes

The connection of two pipes made of HDPE and plastic can also be carried out using welding (in this case it is called soldering) and using fittings.

When soldering, two methods are used:

Butt.
With fittings.

The first option requires special equipment and can be performed by a highly qualified specialist. Butt soldering is used only when installing large-diameter pipelines, so it is not used when creating household communications. Soldering using connecting elements (electrowelded or special) can be carried out independently.

Compression fittings

But most often use connections without soldering. For this, special fittings are designed, such as:

compression;
reduction.

The first option is used when connecting pipes of the same diameter. In this case, the pipes themselves can be made of different materials.

Reducing fitting

Reducing fittings are used when it is necessary to connect pipelines with different diameters.

The principle of their use is quite simple. A fitting is put on each end of the pipe. Then, using a wrench, the nut is tightened. The result is a strong and collapsible connection.

Press fitting for metal-plastic pipes

Docking of metal-plastic pipes is carried out in two ways:

Compression fitting. During installation, the ends of the fitting are inserted into the pipe. They have rubber seals that securely hold them inside. Then the fitting is pulled together with a collet and fixed with a control nut. Such a connection can be subsequently disassembled.
Press fitting. This method is used less frequently, since the joint is one-piece. The fitting shanks are inserted into the pipe. Then, using a special device, the flexible cuff is crimped. The result is a strong and reliable connection.

Having familiarized yourself with the methods of connecting pipes, it remains to choose the product with which it will be most convenient for you to work.

Video

This video shows how to weld metal pipes with electric welding:

See how a plastic pipe is connected to an iron one:

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It's simple - How to connect plastic and metal pipes without welding || STROIM-GRAMOTNO.RU

Pipe Fittings
Thread connection
Cutting
Difficult option

the entire plumbing system and only from the pipes, as you wanted it, everything will fail. heating radiators, heated towel rails are still made of metal. to prevent accidents of leaking joints, you need to know how to connect plastic metal welding pipes.

Fittings for PVC and pipes

The times, in stores, the desired item is almost impossible, fortunately, for a long time Therefore, combining and plastic, the need to invent Everything has already been invented, produced, put up for you, all you have to do is to pay for the purchase, it's too expensive for you) to bring home. the main thing is to buy what you need and a metal pipe.

By the way, fittings designed specifically for joints of metal plastic pipes, these are quality products that are capable of you enough on the condition that you can install correctly.

threaded

Since plastic and pipes without can be a few to start with the most popular ones.

So, you have a metal pipe, on your own thread for another. And for the question of how it is with a plastic thread that has it, you again need to buy it in the store. A fitting, you will purchase this, which is a coupling, with a threaded sleeve fused into one. Please note that the Americans are for different connected pipes.

In this metal plastic pipe connection as follows:

using a special soldering iron for pipes, weld onto the pipe. joint cooling.
metal pipe, it to the other and twist it with it. For sealing, you can use
Turn on the water to make sure it doesn't leak. turn off the leak again, unscrew the nut, repeat the procedure again with the old FUM tape.

Cutting

Threading dies

If there is no pipe on your pipe (this happens, you decide to use a new plastic pipe in your apartment or apartment), you will have to thread it first. Do this with a called threader. They can also be electric. you will be dependent only on its availability to you.

An electric threader is not out of the box. So if you need it for one or two times, then rent it from someone, don't buy it. True, it’s easier for them than with a lehr, so you don’t have to put any practical effort (for holding the pipe to its true if it comes out of you. The threader kit includes types of lerok for different pipes.

Pay attention If the distance of the pipe to is too small, you will just be able to put on the pipe. also fast enough and you take breaks from work, slicing into several

Regardless of which thread cutter you use, there are some that you need to get a neat result of the required length:

the beginning of the work must be cleaned available on the paint.
If the surface of the pipe is dripping metal, be sure to
When using manual, try not to do it first forward, then turn back, repeat everything until the thread is at your length.

option

clamping sleeve

The connection with the help guarantees a tight seal. However, there are times when, when considering, to connect the plastic metal welding pipes, refuse to go. Usually it happens because the metal is too long or located to and you can’t thread it.

This will have to use a difficult option, some consider it not reliable. In fact, this is so, and you are correct, then plastic and pipes will last long enough.

connecting the two you will need a Quick coupling (made in Poland):

Clean the metal pipe of the old paint.
disassemble the elements of the coupling in your hands.
Consistently on the metal part of the coupling. from the seal to the end must be less than 10
Gently insert the metal pipe into the connecting body, then slide all the rings and the nut into it.
So the reverse side coupling is threaded, then you can connect the metal with the American, to the pipe

By choosing this connection, not that Quick couplings are produced in different diameters. And if you have a coupling on a pipe, then most likely you did not buy what you

Well, to check how much you have tightened on the pipe, pull holding the second pipe so as not to pull out of the wall, it should not be along the pipe.

records

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How to connect two pipes of the same diameter: actual ways of self-implementation

In this article, we will consider what is the instruction for connecting one-dimensional pipes made of various materials. The topic of the article is interesting, since there is a wide range of different pipes on the market, which differ from each other not only in operational and technical characteristics, but also in different methods of connecting into a single system.

But, before considering the features of the installation work, we will consider what types of plumbing accessories can be purchased.

In the figure, a threaded connection of heating pipes made by means of a coupling

Classification

Collapsible connection of profile pipes with bolts during the construction of a greenhouse

All water pipes, in accordance with the production materials used in their manufacture, are divided into the following categories:

metal modifications;
polymer modifications;
plastic products.

Important: Each of these modifications is represented on the market by a wide range of products that are characterized by one or another connection method. Therefore, when planning the installation of a water supply system in your apartment or country house, you need to take the choice of materials and connection methods with the utmost responsibility, since the price, durability and appearance of the finished system largely depend on this.

So, let's look at how the mixer is connected to the pipe on its own.

Docking of metal pipes

Threaded connection on a steel water pipe

During the installation of metal (cast iron, steel and copper) plumbing and heating systems, threaded and welded joints are used.

Let's look at each of these methods in detail:

Threaded installation, by the way, also includes the connection of pipes by an American, this is a technology that allows you to assemble water pipes from elements with the same cross-sectional diameters.

To do this, a thread is cut at the ends of both pipes, over which a special metal coupling is screwed - a fitting. By means of special fittings it is possible to assemble both straight and curved plumbing and heating systems.

The fitting used on such structures has an internal thread, while the pipes have an external thread. If the fittings for installation are purchased with already threaded threads, then on the joined elements it will have to be cut with your own hands using dies.

Among the advantages of the technology, we note the strength and durability of the finished result. In addition, if necessary, the threaded fitting can be untwisted and the entire structure can be disassembled in order to fix the breakdown or redo it.

Important: As a rule, standard threads are used on pipes and fittings. But if foreign-made accessories are purchased from little-known brands, you need to make sure that the product will match the metric thread type.

Installation of plumbing systems using welding is used infrequently. The main disadvantage of a welded joint is the inability to make it yourself, since a professional welder with special equipment and experience in using this equipment can cope with such work.

For the installation of two one-dimensional pipes, the following types of welded joints are used:

transverse butt (without boring or with internal boring) with backing ring;
longitudinal butt (without a bevel or with a bevel) with a one-sided seam;
transverse butt with one-sided seam;
one-sided corner;
double-sided corner;
bell-shaped overlap.

The butt joint is the most common, as the finished result is characterized by high strength, provided that the joined elements are correctly centered.

If a water pipe with an internal diameter of up to 500 mm is assembled, a one-sided seam is welded, the strength of which is quite sufficient. If the diameter is larger, the root of the seam is welded from the inside, as a result of which the strength of the joint increases.

A welded seam is considered the optimal type of connection for the installation of industrial water pipes, but it is rarely used in everyday life due to the high cost of the finished version and cramped conditions for using a welding machine.

Soldering copper components is a technology used in the assembly of premium plumbing systems.

The installation principle is as follows:

the ends of the joined elements are cleaned and covered with solder;
the inner surface of the fitting is cleaned and covered with solder;
the pipe is inserted into the fitting and heated with a burner;
after the solder has cooled, a strong and durable coupling joint is obtained.

Types of connection of polymer products

In the diagram, a phased connection of corrugated pipes

If the question is how to connect HDPE pipes, then in this case, installation is an order of magnitude easier than assembling a metal water pipe. No threads are cut on plastic, and installation is carried out in two ways: by soldering or using fittings.

The connection of HDPE pipes using fittings is popular in the assembly of domestic water pipes and sewer systems. The relevance of the method is not surprising, since fittings, regardless of modification, can be installed even by a novice plumber.

Fittings, in accordance with the design features, are divided into the following categories:

Crimp modifications are simple yet effective and versatile mounting accessories. For installation, special pliers are used to evenly distribute the applied force around the entire perimeter of the crimp collar.
Press fittings are the most reliable, as they guarantee the complete absence of leaks.

The figure shows the connection of PVC pipes using compression fittings

Installation of pipelines for water supply and heating networks, as a rule, is carried out by welding, less often by means of threaded connections. When performing repair work, the same technologies are usually used.

Often situations arise when the use of welding or threaded connections is difficult for any reason. For example, in an apartment it is necessary to repair the pipe wiring for heating or water supply, which runs close to the wall or to another pipe.

It is impossible to perform circular welding of the joint of such a pipe or to cut threads on it. In this case, the acute problem is how to connect pipes without welding and threading. And there is a solution to this problem.

Connection without welding and threading is possible thanks to special parts - fittings. A fitting (from the English “mount”) is an element used in the following cases:

Mounting parts designed to perform various functions have their own names. Couplings are used to connect pipelines of the same diameter, pipes of different diameters are connected with adapters.

To turn the pipeline route, bends with the required angle are used. A double branch in the perpendicular direction is carried out using a tee, and there are also crosses, fittings, plugs, manifolds.

Fittings are threaded and crimp. Since we are talking about pipe connections without welding and threading, the relatively recently appeared compression fittings, otherwise called compression fittings, will be the subject of consideration.

Compression fittings for pipe systems

The technology of using swaging parts, which allows connecting metal pipes without welding and threading, has appeared relatively recently.

Gebo Armaturen GmbH, which received the first patent for this technology back in 1937, became a pioneer in the production of fittings for pipe connections without threads and welding by crimping.

Today, the name of the company has become a household name, fittings for crimping pipe connections are called "Gebo coupling".

In the production of connecting fittings, Gebo Armaturen uses malleable cast iron. The company's product range includes fittings for various types of connections and branches.

Gebo fittings are designed to work with pipelines made of different materials. With their help, you can connect plastic pipes, pipe products made of steel, copper, aluminum. There is no need to use welding or threading.

Repair and installation clip

A universal product with which you can repair pipe metal products without welding, as well as pipes made of polyethylene, is a repair and assembly clip.

It consists of two cast clips in the form of semi-bushings with four lugs for bolting. The kit includes a rubber seal in the form of a cut-to-length hose and four bolts.

In fact, it is a clamp that plumbers often use, only made very soundly. Available for pipes of different diameters, making it possible to repair them without welding and threading.

The product is used to repair damaged pipelines for various purposes. If a through hole occurs in the pipe, a split seal is put on the damaged area, oriented with the cut in the direction opposite to the damage.

Clips are installed on top of the seal, and the bolts are tightened. These repairs do not require welding and can sometimes be done under pressure without shutting off the pipeline.

Repair and mounting clip with a branch

This product differs from the previous one by the presence of an outlet with an internal thread on one of the cast-iron clips.

The seal in this fitting also has the shape of a cut hose, but on the opposite side of the cut, a hole is made, which should be aligned with the outlet during installation.

This fitting helps to easily make a branch from the pipeline, it is enough to drill a hole in its wall. It can be used when installing irrigation wiring. Taps or water sprayers can be directly screwed into the threaded outlets.

Crimp connections with double-sided clamp

A universal product with which you can connect steel pipes, as well as PVC pipes. It is this fitting that is most often called the Gebo coupling. It can be used to butt two pipes together.

To make the connection, the pipes must be cut straight and cleaned from dirt and rust, the ends of the pipes must be well processed. A clamping nut is put on the end of the pipe, then a clamping washer, which is a collet - a conical sleeve with a slit on one side.

The inner side of the sleeve is covered with circular notches. A sealing gasket is inserted into the seat of the coupling, designed to stop the end of the pipe. After that, the clamping nut is tightened.

Moving along the thread, the hole in the nut presses the conical part of the split sleeve to the pipe. At the same time, the internal notches of the sleeve cut into the surface of the pipe, fixing it tightly and pressing it against the end gasket. In this way, the necessary tightness and mechanical strength of the connection is ensured.

A similar procedure is done on the second side of the coupling, where the end of the second pipe is inserted.

Connections with single-sided and double-sided clamping and thread

A fitting with a one-way clamp is, as it were, half of the coupling described above. On the one hand, the pipeline is connected, the other side is a branch with an internal or external thread.

Where a tap or outlet can be screwed. It is, in fact, a trinity. The double clamp connection can be used for quick installation of a perpendicular pipe bend without the need for welding.

For the installation and repair of heating and hot water pipes, the company produces a complete set of fittings equipped with elastic gaskets that can operate at a temperature of +95 ° C.

All these fittings, as well as those described above, are universal and can be used to connect polypropylene pipes.

The Gebo range of fittings includes connectors for large diameter main pipelines intended for underground installation. The connection of pipes in such pipelines can also be carried out without welding and threading.

Flange application

A flange connection is used in cases where it needs to be dismantled with some frequency. To make such a connection, flanges must be installed at the ends of the pipes - round plates with holes for bolts.

Flanges must be fixed by welding. For subsequent assembly and disassembly of the connection, only wrenches are needed to tighten the bolt threads.

When mounting the flange interface, an elastic gasket is placed between them, after which the flanges are pressed against each other and clamped with a bolt thread.

In water supply and heating systems, flange fasteners often have metering devices and circulation pumps, which must be removed every season for maintenance, repair and verification. Flanges can be used during the installation of summer water pipes, which are to be dismantled every autumn.

Fastening of professional pipes

Profile pipes used for the manufacture of load-bearing structures are most often connected by welding. In the event that such a pipe structure must be collapsible, it is necessary to connect profile pipes without welding. For this purpose, various fasteners and clamps are used.

The so-called crab systems, which are curly braces stamped from sheet metal, have become widespread.

Crab systems allow you to carry out various options for joining two, three and four profile pipes in different planes.

The angles formed by the pipes connected by such a system are always 90 °. With the help of crab systems, it is convenient to assemble temporary structures from profile pipe elements, for example, scaffolding. The system is tightened by threading bolted connections.