Boilers for sawdust, wood chips and wood waste. Wood waste boiler Choosing a wood waste boiler

The development of special boilers, where wood waste (for example, wood chips) is used as a fuel, was provoked by the need to transport them to a landfill. Such processes make wood processing significantly more expensive. The way out of the situation was the burning of wood debris and the use of the released thermal energy for various purposes.

To date, boilers for burning wood waste are most often used in the field of:

Housing heating. Usually this is the boiler itself. For the conditions of private housing, this is quite enough.
Industry. Here, on the basis of the boiler, a special powerful cell is assembled, equipped with additional devices (electronic control, ash catcher, augers for feeding waste into the furnace, smoke exhausters).

According to the principle of burning wood, boilers for wood waste and wood chips differ in:

Fixed grates. Divided into 2 sections. In the straight part of it, the fuel is burned, and in the inclined part it is dried. The most common method.
Mechanical grids. It provides for a complex controlled system of alternating fixed and movable grates (less often chain). Allows the use of lumpy fuel with a high percentage of moisture, drying it and sorting it into fractions in the process of supplying to the furnace.
Fluidized bed. Chopped wood is fed onto an inert layer (sand) blown with air. The gradual removal of sand by the air stream makes it necessary to constantly add it.
Flare combustion. The system requires grinding wood to small fractions (chips, sawdust). The type of furnace is vortex.

Consider the differences and the principle of heating:

Air heating

The air intake system is located directly next to the firebox, working on the principle of a convector. The main source of heating is the heat released during the combustion of wood. These models require manual loading of raw materials and their low moisture content (maximum 20%). Suitable for irregular heating, where heat transfer begins within a couple of minutes after the ignition of the fuel.

Hot air boilers are often used in drying chambers, including for drying wood at timber processing enterprises and sawmills, where wood waste is always in excess.

Hot water boilers

There are 2 types of cameras used here. In one, the combustion of wood occurs, and in the other, pyrolysis afterburning of heated gases. This significantly increases efficiency, which allows the boiler not only to act as a heater, but also to additionally heat water (located in a special boiler). A chimney system with a large number of elbows also increases heat dissipation.

Fuel can be supplied not only manually, but also automatically (continuously). In this case, the arrangement of an additional bunker for wood waste is required. Also, such systems require additional equipment of the boiler with grate blowing (especially if there are several grates). If the boiler has an auto-ignition system based on a plasma arc, then special sensors are required to monitor whether a fire has occurred. If there is no flame and heating, then they give a signal to re-arc. Wood waste boilers equipped with electronic automation panels, sensors and continuous fuel supply require additional power from the electrical network (consumption up to 300 W per hour). Allow to work with more crude fuel with humidity up to 40%.

Manufacturers and prices

Most imported boilers from companies such as Hargassner, Viessmann, Heiztechnik have a rather high price. This is due to the use of a large number of electronics and complex firebox systems. The quality is certainly on top, but whether it is worth paying extra for additional features depends on whether you need them.

Production Association (PO) "Teploresurs" offers a full range of boiler and auxiliary equipment for the creation of an automated biofuel boiler house (mini CHP) - these are boilers on woodworking waste. Modern boilers with automated fuel supply and mixing provide complete combustion of recyclable materials from sawmills at high humidity with high efficiency (up to 86% compared to 25-50% for conventional coal and wood boilers).

Automatic, metered supply of sawdust and wood chips leads to the fact that woodworking waste burns evenly, which makes it possible to accurately control the water temperature in the boiler (up to 1 0 C), this is of great importance for wood drying chambers.

Automatic operation with the supply of the optimal amount of fuel and air, which is provided by waste steam boilers, eliminates the need for constant duty of service workers. Waste-fired boilers of Teploresurs are promptly put into operation and operate in various climatic conditions. During the entire service life of the wood waste boiler house, you will receive comprehensive advice on work from our specialists.

We produce boilers that work on wood processing waste - sawdust, chips, shavings. In order to obtain large thermal capacities, ease of maintenance and increase the stability of work, waste-fired boilers are most often installed in the boiler room, which are purchased and put into operation in turn, which is more rational and profitable than immediately launching 2-3 boilers.

In which enterprises is it advisable to use a boiler on woodworking waste (wood)?

We offer wood waste hot water boilers with a unit heat output from 300 kW to 10 MW, which work stably both on woodworking waste (chips, sawdust, bark, shavings with a relative humidity of up to 55%), and on lumpy, milled or briquetted peat. Such autonomous wood waste boilers will be effective in wood processing plants, timber industry enterprises, plywood factories as a complex of drying chambers or a heating system. There are "omnivorous" wood waste boilers that operate on any raw material or specialized on one type of fuel with a higher efficiency. Such wood waste boilers are advantageous to operate, first of all, where large volumes of sawdust and shavings are formed daily, or in boiler houses located in the immediate vicinity of such enterprises that constantly have wood production waste or furniture production waste. The production facilities and the office of PA "Teploresurs" are located in the city of Kovrov, Vladimir Region, and Kovrov boilers for burning wood waste have long earned a good reputation in many regions of the Russian Federation. The modular design of wood waste steam boilers and their complete factory readiness allows for the prompt transportation of Teploresurs Kovrov boilers throughout Russia by rail and road, which minimizes the delivery and installation time of all equipment.

Fuel warehouse "Live bottom", conveyors, boiler room automation

In each individual project, waste-fired boiler houses are equipped with an additional set of equipment necessary for efficient operation: an operational dosing bin, a woodchip and sawdust fuel storage, a screw conveyor, a scraper conveyor, and an automatic control system. Thanks to all this equipment, industrial wood waste boilers operate smoothly in automatic mode.

Depending on the specialization of your production and the prevalence of certain wood waste, our designers will issue the most optimal design option that your waste-based boiler house will have. These can be solid fuel hot water boilers for wood waste, working on large pieces of wood residues with manual loading and equipped with a storage hopper with an automated shaving screw for its combustion in the diluted boiler furnace. Or it would be more expedient to use waste boilers with a gas boiler equipped with a vortex gas generator with batch delivery of sawdust to the furnace from a storage hopper by an auger.

Design and equipment of mini-CHP on wood waste

The design department of PO "Teploresurs" will help to develop a project for the modernization of an existing mini thermal power plant to equip it with an automatic biofuel metered supply system. If your boiler room runs on coal or diesel fuel, then it can be converted to wood chips, sawdust or pellets. Taking into account all the individual needs and characteristics of each customer enterprise, our specialists create a project according to which your wood waste boiler house will operate with optimal performance, the appropriate type of fuel used and the necessary automation of fuel supply and combustion processes.

Modern trends require maximum efficiency from industrial wood processing enterprises in any process, but the issue is especially acute with waste processing. Firms that do not have time to adapt to a new format of work risk being left out of the market.

A powerful impetus to the industry was given boiler plants implemented as part of the import substitution program, and having an affordable price, unlike imported analogues.

Benefits of recycling wood waste

Waste woodworking (sawdust, lumpy waste slats, wood chips, slabs and wood dust) - in the end, taking into account deep processing, 60-70% of the volume of input raw materials. Therefore, the disposal of by-products of production is so in demand today.

Most industries get out of this situation the old-fashioned way, burning waste in stratified combustion boilers or in "potbelly stoves". In both cases, the process is accompanied by a large amount of soot, soot and other environmentally harmful combustion products.

Others "litter" their production and nearby territories, creating a danger to the environment, forests and people living nearby, including due to the fact that recyclable materials can ignite spontaneously due to exothermic reactions occurring in their depths.

The situation is even worse with furniture production, where by-products from the processing of chipboard, MDF and fiberboard must be disposed of in special ovens or "burials", as they contain toxic phenols and formaldehydes.

Ideally for combustion at industrial enterprises, the Gefest gas-generating type boiler water heating plant is suitable.

Features of recycling processes

The process of environmentally friendly waste incineration in boilers includes:

complete decomposition of phenolic gases harmful to the atmosphere into carbon and hydrogen (flue gases) due to high temperature (>1200 degrees);
minimum amount of waste in the form of ash.

At the same time, waste and sawdust from sawmills, woodworking, carpentry and furniture industries are burned in the boiler. This is especially true for the furniture industry.

Principle of operation

The operation of the wood waste boiler plant is based on the principle of gas generation. Gasification takes place in a special unit (gas generator) - thermal decomposition of wood into flue gas and hydrogen.

This method of utilization has the following advantages over layered combustion of fuel in conventional boilers:

high efficiency of boiler plants (up to 90%);
almost complete smokeless combustion of bulk fuel (ash content does not exceed 1 - 2%);
the possibility of recycling any by-products of woodworking production, including chipboard, chipboard, MDF;
installation of spark extinguishing and flue gas cleaning systems is not required;
ease of control - automatic mode of metered fuel supply;
durability - the life of the boiler without repair is up to 15 years;
automatic humidification of dry bulk fuel (relative humidity 35-55%) prevents heating of the gas generator lining, significantly increasing its service life without repair;
high maintainability of the gas generator;
the design of the water boiler eliminates the formation of scale inside the heat exchanger pipes, and also allows the use of equipment for water heating and heating;
characteristics of emissions into the atmosphere during combustion do not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations (MAC).

Advantages of KAMI

The environmental friendliness of the equipment is confirmed by a certificate based on laboratory tests. The data of the analysis obtained indicate that gas-generating boiler plants can be used even in cities, when burning chipboard, chipboard, MDF waste.

KAMI is the exclusive supplier of boiler equipment. On our site you can choose, compare technical specifications and buy a unit at competitive prices. Before ordering, consult with the company manager - he will help you fill out a request and help with delivery in Moscow and any region of Russia, as well as advise on all types of machines that are in the company's nomenclature, including drying chambers and other types of industrial equipment.

Boilers for sawdust, wood chips and wood waste

5 (100%) votes: 2

Today we want to consider solid fuel boilers for wood chips and sawdust with automatic fuel supply using the Russian-made models of the popular Pyrolysis Master brand as an example. The manufacturer produces 2 series of boilers for wood chips and sawdust - boilers of the BIO series for heating houses with an area of 100 square meters and industrial boilers of the BIO VULKAN PRO series for heating industries, greenhouse complexes, for generating thermal energy in the housing and communal services sector.

Model range tables

So, here are tables of models, main characteristics and prices at which you can buy a boiler model that suits you.

Model	power, kWt	Area, up to m²	price, rub.
	100	1000	662 600
	160	1600	696 200
	200	2000	722 900
	250	2500	865 600
	320	3200	1 083 600
	400	4000	1 143 600
	500	5000	1 219 600
	600	6000	1 488 600
	750	7500	1 595 600
	850	8500	1 780 600
BIO VULKAN PRO-1000	1000	1000	1 990 600

Among the manufacturers of industrial boilers for wood chips and sawdust, it is worth noting the domestic company Pyrolysis Master and its BIO VULKAN PRO 100-1000 kW series.

Industrial boiler for wood chips and sawdust Pyrolysis Master BIO VULKAN PRO

With their help, you can heat domestic, industrial and other premises, prepare heat for technical needs.

The boilers are equipped with a mechanical supply system for wood chips and sawdust into the combustion chamber.

Fuel fraction - 40 mm, humidity - up to 50%.

The maximum hot water temperature is 110 ºC.

If necessary, manually loaded firewood, coal, manually loaded briquettes can be used as fuel, but the power will decrease by 15 - 20%.

Boiler device Pyrolysis Master BIO VULKAN PRO

Among the features of solid fuel boilers BIO VULKAN PRO we note the following:

In the ash pan Pyrolysis Master BIO VULKAN PRO, under the grates, there is a fuel supply chute, a screw conveyor of the boiler is mounted in it, with the help of which, along the “volcano”, between the grates, and a frame made of heat-resistant concrete slabs, reinforced by a supporting structure, mechanized bulk fuel is supplied.

The flame of burning fuel heats the fireclay plates of the furnace, its inner walls and the bottom of the drum, and the resulting hot combustion products pass through the heating pipes of the heat exchanger so that, giving off heat to the circulating water, they cool down and are removed from the boiler through the chimney.

Boilers for sawdust, husks, wood chips, peat, pellets of the BIO series 15-500 kW.

Model	power, kWt	Area, up to m²	price, rub.
BIO-15	15	150	185 000
BIO-20	20	200	190 000
BIO-30	30	300	210 000
BIO-40	40	400	225 000
BIO-50	50	50	265 000
BIO-60	60	600	294 000
BIO-80	80	800	357 000
BIO-100	100	1000	420 000
BIO-120	120	1200	483 000
BIO-160	16	1600	555 000
BIO-200	200	2000	621 000
BIO-250	250	2500	667 000
BIO-320	320	3200	930 000
BIO-400	400	4000	1 380 000
BIO-500	500	500	1 610 000

Pyrolysis master BIO

The basic package of the BIO boiler includes:

body of a biomass heating boiler;
base fuel bunker for biomass;
screw conveyor;
burner;
fan;
automatic control unit.

If desired, the bunker can be enlarged, the boiler can be equipped with automatic burner cleaning, GSM and WiFi modules.

The Pyrolysis Master boilers of the BIO series are distinguished by the presence of a 5-way heat exchanger. As a result, the boilers are characterized by the highest efficiency when compared with boilers that have 2-3 strokes in the convective furnace channels.

Biomass is burned using a horizontal type retort burner. This allows you to burn pellets in any quality, sawdust, wood chips with a fraction of up to 4 cm, oilseed husks, peat.

Automation, electronics and fans are presented by the best European manufacturers.

From the tables above, you can see that this is the richest assortment of boilers for wood chips and sawdust, among all manufacturers on the Russian market. Such a set of power options will allow solving the problem of heating on wood chips and sawdust at any objects and for any area.

Principle of operation

Now consider the general arrangement of boilers for wood chips and sawdust.

The body of the device consists of the following elements:

firebox;
ash pan;
coil;
chimney;
blew;
heat distributor;
sensors.

Boiler device Hargassner

In the furnace, on a special grate, the process of burning wood chips and sawdust takes place, thanks to which all the ashes and ash remain in the ash pan. Cleaning of this device should be done about 2 times a month.

Due to the fact that chips and sawdust are woodworking waste and do not form a large flame, the heat exchanger in such boilers is heated by hot gases passing through it.

The heat exchanger consists of tubes that are connected in parallel. It is made of a material that can withstand high temperatures well and does not rust, and it also has such a quality as a high level of thermal conductivity.

Sawdust and wood chips are a particularly economical type of fuel if there is a source of fuel nearby: woodworking.

Wood chip boiler Hargassner WTH 150-200

To achieve higher productivity, gas-fired heating boilers on wood chips and sawdust are used, the heating of which occurs not only due to the heat from fuel combustion, but also due to the pyrolysis gas released during the combustion of wood.

In order for the gas to be burned, the boiler furnace consists of two separate chambers. In one, the fuel itself burns, in the other, the gas coming from the first chamber burns.

Boilers for heating, operating on sawdust and wood chips, like other heating appliances, are single-circuit and double-circuit.

The former are designed exclusively for space heating, the latter are also capable of heating water. Such units are in demand among owners of private houses, because. allow not only to provide the house with heat, but also to equip the water supply in the house.

The efficiency of boilers operating on sawdust and wood chips is about 90%.

Fuel supply system

Solid fuel boilers for long burning on wood chips and sawdust, operating offline, require virtually no maintenance.

Fuel is supplied through several conveyors:

Successor - the bunker has free access outside the building. It has an auger transmission, which is connected to the main storage. After the fuel is loaded into the bunker, the conveyor is turned on, which supplies the fuel to the mechanized storage.
There are two types of storage, with different ways of supplying wood chips to the boiler. In the first case, an inclined base acts as a bunker, which forms a cone, at the bottom of which there is a screw transmission. The second uses an agitator with blades connected to it. During the rotation of the device, the chips fall into the auger.
After storage, wood chips do not enter the boiler immediately. Pyrolysis heating water boilers, operating on sawdust and wood chips, supply fuel in parts. Each new portion of fuel enters the furnace using a special drum, which is connected to a screw transmission that feeds chips to the burner.

System for loading fuel from a fuel storage using a horizontal spring agitator with a lifting screw conveyor for HERZ firematic 20-301 and HERZ BioMatic 220-500 boilers

Advantages and disadvantages

Like any other heating device, solid fuel boilers have their pros and cons. Most of the shortcomings are associated with the type of fuel - wood chips. It has low bulk properties, due to which it is difficult to transport it. Chips and sawdust are characterized by high humidity, which is why they burn worse than wood or.

Wood chip and pellet boiler Termal SF

However, despite a number of negative points, there are also positive aspects of such devices:

inexpensive fuel, because waste is used as it;
thanks to the absolute automation of the operation of solid fuel boilers, they can function even if there are no people in the house;
all wood fuel is environmentally friendly, so there will be no harm to the environment;
high efficiency (90% or more);
they are economical, on one load of fuel they can heat the room for 10-12 hours;
heating occurs quickly, 30-40 minutes after ignition;
The design of such devices is simple, but at the same time reliable.

On the market you can find various options for such boilers from foreign ones (for example, Termal, Faci, HERZ, Hargassner) and Russian manufacturers (for example, Zota).

Therefore, it is worth taking a closer look at sawdust and other woodworking waste.

In the conditions of fierce competition, furniture enterprises and sawmills are forced to constantly optimize their costs. One of the ways to minimize them is to use our own wood waste for heating industrial premises. For this purpose, the enterprises are installing boiler houses operating on woodworking waste. Let's consider the principle of operation of such a boiler house using the example of the most common boilers of the KTU series from Teploresurs to date.

General scheme and principle of operation

It should be noted right away that the laying of fuel for heating occurs mechanically using a screw system or a hydraulic pusher. This eliminates the manual work of putting fuel into the boiler. Maintenance staff responsibilities include:

1. Boiler control

2. Regular filling of fuel in a special hopper, from which fuel is supplied to the boiler.

3. Cleaning the ash pan. In the advanced configuration, there is a function of mechanical removal of spent fuel residues, in the basic configuration, you have to do this work manually.

In the operation of the boiler, the following three stages can be distinguished.

1. Drying of fuel. Most of the waste comes from wood processing enterprises, therefore, they have high humidity. To ensure uniform and stable combustion, sawdust is dried on a grate.

2. CO isolation. Initially, a low temperature is maintained on the grate, due to which the sawdust, when burned, emits a maximum of carbon.

3. Afterburning of CO. The combustion product is fed into the afterburning zone and burns at a temperature of 900-950 degrees. This allows the process of carbon oxidation to take place.

Such a scheme allows you to significantly increase the efficiency of combustion and practically use the full potential of wood chips for space heating. This principle of operation is called layered combustion on a grate. The automatic air distribution also contributes to the combustion efficiency.

Security systems and automation

In order for the boiler to work in the safest way, the following protection devices are used.

1. Thermal insulation of the cladding.

2. Anti-explosion valves. Relieve excessive steam pressure.

3. Temperature sensors at the inlet and outlet of the coolant.

4. Flue gas temperature sensor.

All these elements help to effectively take care of the safety of the boiler and prevent possible dangerous situations, and, if necessary, give a signal and stop the operation of the unit. The rate of fuel combustion is controlled by dosing oxygen for oxidation. Feeding materials into the furnace is carried out using a screw system or a hydraulic pusher.

Benefits of using a sawdust boiler

As the main advantages, it is worth noting the low cost of fuel, compared with fossil fuels, and as a result, low operating costs. The ability to switch from one type of fuel to another (peat, sawdust, shavings, etc.) with minimal changes in the boiler settings is also a significant plus. Thanks to boilers of this type, it is possible to save significantly. This is especially noticeable if you have to heat large rooms. Purchasing fuel is also not a problem, most logging and wood processing companies will readily get rid of several tons of waste that must be disposed of.