Watering raspberries. How to care for raspberries? Why do young shoots wither? Raspberry tree or standard raspberry: varieties and care

Any agrotechnical measures are carried out taking into account the life cycle of the plant. Watering raspberries - a crop with a superficial root system - is necessary depending on the variety, nature of the soil, terrain and climatic conditions.

seasonality

The technique of watering raspberries is easy to master, given what part of the plant needs to be watered during the season.

After planting raspberry cuttings, watering is necessary so that the weak root system, absorbing nutrients from the soil, quickly gives new shoots.
In the spring, watering is needed to force out young shoots, build up green mass and form an ovary.
During fruiting, raspberries are watered so that the berries are poured large and have excellent taste.
After harvesting, it is necessary to moisten the soil in the raspberry bush in order to avoid depletion of the shrub.
In autumn, raspberries should be watered in moderation so as not to stimulate the growth of new shoots: they will not have time to get stronger before the cold weather and die in winter.

Watering repair raspberries

Remontant raspberry varieties produce two crops per season if grown in a two-year culture. In an annual crop, it produces one, but later harvest.

In the first case, when young shoots are left in the winter, in the next season they will begin to bear fruit in mid-July. In spring, such bushes need to be watered at the end of May - for the growth of new shoots and ovaries on old branches. In summer, it is necessary to water at the beginning of the ripening of the first crop. At the time of mass ripening of berries, watering must be controlled so that waterlogging of the soil does not cause gray rot on the berries. In early August, the berries of the second crop begin to pour on new shoots - which means that the plant needs abundant watering.
In the second case, when the ground part of the bush is completely cut out for the winter, next year the berries on new shoots will begin to set a month later, respectively, the intensity of summer watering should be transferred to the middle and end of August.

Early ripe varieties- Hercules, Eurasia or the Bryansk miracle - need intensive watering from the end of May to mid-July.

Mid-season varieties- Atlas or Orange miracle - you need to water abundantly in late spring, and then from the end of July.

Late-ripening varieties- Kirzhach or Morning dew - need uniform watering throughout the season, autumn watering needs to be adjusted depending on the weather and climate zone.

Raspberries are watered infrequently, but plentifully, especially in the hot summer months, since in the heat the plant compensates for the lack of air humidity by increased evaporation of moisture through the leaves.

The average volume of water for irrigating raspberries is two buckets per square meter of soil.

How to determine by the appearance of the shrub that raspberries need to be watered?

If at the end of May, young shoots and side branches on last year's branches have grown to 30 - 35 cm in length, they are powerful, fleshy and thick, which means that the bush receives enough moisture, and if the shoots are thin and short, they bend easily, then watering is necessary .

Watering in northern latitudes

The short summer in the northern regions makes it possible to grow only ordinary raspberry varieties with early and mid-ripening ripening periods. Snowy winters give a lot of melt water in spring, so spring watering of raspberries can be moderate, and in early spring, on the contrary, you need to dig shallow drainage grooves between the rows so that the surface roots do not get wet and the bush is not affected by a fungal infection. In summer, raspberries should be watered once every two weeks so that moisture soaks the soil 30–40 cm deep.

Autumn watering is needed only in case of a warm autumn and a plentiful harvest in order to support the plant.

Watering in the middle lane

Spring watering can be started from late May or early July.

In summer, adult raspberries are watered abundantly once every two weeks. Young cuttings planted in spring are watered two to three times a week.

Watering can be combined with top dressing, since fertilizers are applied only to moist soil.

The soil after watering must be loosened and mulched to provide good aeration to the roots. Considering that hot weather in the middle lane most often ends by the end of August, the last watering should be carried out no later than the beginning of September.

It is important to know that the superficial root system of raspberries does not tolerate icy tap water. For irrigation, it is better to collect rainwater or fill containers with tap water, but wait until it warms up with the sun.

Watering raspberries in the southern regions

Taking into account the little snowy winters, summer hot dry winds and long, sometimes hot autumn, raspberry cultivation in the south takes place from early May to late October. Watering should be regular and plentiful throughout the season. In hot steppe regions, it is advisable to use drip or trench irrigation. Gardeners also practice burying bottomless plastic bottles between rows - water is poured into these containers from a hose. This method of irrigation provides constant soil moisture, while its upper layer remains loose and dry.

It is necessary to water the raspberries by sprinkling in the evening or morning hours, when there is no direct sunlight. Water droplets on the leaves will serve as optical lenses, and through them the plant in the sun can get significant burns.

Simple, but timely agrotechnical measures, dedication and sincere approach to business allow gardeners to get good yields of tasty and healthy berries.

Raspberries need care not only in spring or autumn. In summer, when it has a lot of crops, the ambient temperature is high, drought, it needs proper watering and fertilizing more than ever. Caring for raspberries in the summer is not difficult, but mandatory. Its subtleties will be discussed in the article.

How to water correctly?

Watering is done as the soil dries. Abundant watering is necessary for raspberries in early summer, when flowering and leaf development take place, during dry periods and when the berries ripen. If there is little water, the berries will be sour or small.

Excessive watering when caring for raspberries in the summer is just as harmful as insufficient. In this case, the berries will be watery, very soft, and the root of the plant may begin to rot.

Watering raspberries

Experts recommend making a drip irrigation system. It's simpler, easier and takes a lot less time. If necessary, the flow of water into the soil can be adjusted. So, for example, in rainy weather, the system turns off, and in drought, more pressure is made. The advantages of drip irrigation are that water flows directly under the root, and this allows you to protect leaves and berries from fading in the sun.

It is better to water in the evening, when the heat subsides and right under the root, if the drip system is not established. It is important to monitor the soil - it should not be dry or crack.

What and when to feed?

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Caring for raspberries in summer , do not forget about feeding. The first is produced in the form of spraying. This should be done after the plant has bloomed.

After the berries appeared on the raspberry, it needs to be fed with ammonium nitrate and superphosphate. The first take 20 grams, the second - up to 40 g per linear meter. The above mineral fertilizers can be replaced with organic matter. The plant will support and nourish the bird droppings solution. For 1 part of the litter, 15 parts of water are taken. About half a bucket of solution is needed per meter of row.

How to deal with diseases and pests?

Some diseases overcome raspberries mainly in the summer. If you deal with them correctly, then in a short period of time the problem will disappear.

In summer, pests also cause great harm. Raspberries can be overcome by: aphids, raspberry beetle, stem fly, raspberry mite, spider mite, shoot raspberry gall midge, raspberry bud moth, raspberry stem midge.

They are fought with the method of spraying with special complex substances even before the flowering of the plant. A solution of Fufanon helps well: 10 ml of the product per 10 liters of water. 2 liters is enough for about 10 bushes. An alternative would be Intivir. It is sold in tablets (1 tablet per 10 liters of water). For 10 bushes apply no more than 1.5 liters of funds.

In addition, damaged and affected stems, leaves, berries or flowers must be removed - this is very important to prevent spread. The beetles are also collected and burned or crushed to keep them from spreading over the raspberries.

What additional procedures are required?

Processing new shoots. Raspberries grow very fast. New shoots can be seen in the spring. If sprouts appeared in the summer, they must be transplanted to the right place or removed altogether. In the absence of control, the culture will grow so much in a couple of years that it will then be difficult to move between its rows.

However, summer shoots are not recommended to be transplanted for further cultivation. This can be done, but the final raspberries will be painful and will not give the proper harvest, so it's best to just remove them. For reproduction, it is worth taking strong sprouts that appear in autumn or spring.

Raspberries are not considered a capricious plant, but in order to get a good harvest of large, fragrant berries, raspberries need top dressing. Usually gardeners carry out two top dressings of raspberries - in spring and autumn.

Raspberries: spring care, top dressing

Before you start feeding raspberries, you need to destroy the weeds that have grown near it. It is desirable to remove weeds manually, because when digging, the roots of the plant, which are close to the surface, can be damaged in raspberries. In addition, you need to cut the lower shoots.

You can feed raspberries in the spring with both organic and mineral fertilizers. In May, you can feed raspberries with organic matter: for 10 liters of water, 2 tablespoons of sodium humate or 0.5 liters of mushy mullein. As for mineral fertilizers, experts recommend combining 60 g of superphosphate, 30 g of ammonium nitrate and 40 g of potassium salt per 10 liters of water for spring top dressing.

Potash fertilizers can be replaced with a glass of wood ash, which is very useful for raspberries, as it increases their yield. Raspberries are watered with this solution in two doses - in May and early June. You can feed the bushes with a mixture of 3 g of potassium salt, 3 g of superphosphate, 2 g of nitrogen fertilizers and 1.4 kg of manure per 1 sq. m. The soil in the raspberry must be mulched.

Feeding raspberries in summer

If the appearance of raspberries is not so hot, that is, the shoots are thin, the foliage is small and yellow, then the raspberries did not have enough spring feeding. And in order to rectify the situation, raspberries will have to be fed in the summer, using mineral fertilizers. Such top dressing is carried out in early July, with a solution of complete mineral fertilizer: 20-30 g per 10 liters of water.

Feeding raspberries with chicken manure

Chicken manure is considered almost the best option for organic feeding. Diluted in a ratio of 1:30, fermented chicken manure is usually brought in in the fall, evenly watering the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe raspberry with it. Experienced gardeners bring in well-rotted chicken manure in a dry form, and also in the fall, scattering it near raspberry bushes.

Feeding raspberries during flowering

To increase yields, some experts recommend feeding raspberries during flowering. A mixture consisting of 1 cup of superphosphate, 1 cup of ash and 3-4 tablespoons of urea is diluted in 10 liters of water and the solution is added along the grooves.

Feeding raspberries with yeast

Yeast contains many useful substances for plants, so they are also used as top dressing. The solution for dressing can be prepared from fresh and dry yeast. If dry yeast is used, then 10 g of dry yeast and 5 tablespoons of sugar are taken per 10 liters of warm water. All this is infused for at least 2 hours, after which the resulting infusion is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:5. Fresh yeast is taken 0.5 kg per bucket of warm water, which are also diluted in a ratio of 1:5. Yeast infusion is used immediately, preferably in a still warm form, otherwise the microorganisms that are present in the yeast will die or their use will not give the desired effect. During the raspberry growing season, two top dressings are done - in May and in summer for the formation of ovaries.

In general, experts advise the need to use raspberry dressings to focus on the appearance of the plant. If during the growing season raspberries have grown shoots of sufficient thickness and about 2 m long, and the yield of berries from one bush was at least 1 kg, then the fertilizers were selected correctly and applied in sufficient volume. If the harvest was low, and the condition of the shoots is poor, it is necessary to increase the amount of fertilizer applied in the fall or feed the raspberries more often.

Who does not have at least a few raspberry bushes in their summer cottage? Dial in a handful, and, throwing back your head, send fragrant red berries smelling of summer and sun into your mouth, closing your eyes with pleasure ... Stock up on your raspberry jam for the winter - especially since it’s hard to come up with the best cure for a cold ...

Who does not have at least a few raspberry bushes in their summer cottage? Dial in a handful, and, throwing back your head, send fragrant red berries smelling of summer and sun into your mouth, closing your eyes with pleasure ... Stock up on your raspberry jam for the winter - especially since it’s hard to come up with the best cure for a cold ...

True, not every raspberry pleases the owners with an abundance of berries. It’s good if you managed to buy fruitful varieties of different ripening dates in a specialized store, and even a few remontant bushes - then we are “on a white horse”. And if raspberries are “the most common”? Is it possible to do something to make her also please with an excellent harvest and a good large berry?

Can! There are a few simple secrets that will definitely help keep the raspberry in excellent condition. Secrets are the secret desires of the raspberry bush, which he would surely tell us if he could speak.

Secret 1: lots of sun

Raspberries do not like shade. She will easily tolerate a slight shading in the morning, but the rest of the day it is desirable for her to be in the sun.

Secret 2: good watering

Thanks to abundant watering alone, you can literally increase the yield several times over! However, turning a raspberry into a swamp is not worth it. Everything needs a measure. How often to water raspberries - the weather and soil will tell. It is enough to remember: it is impossible to allow the soil to dry out under raspberries - the crop is immediately lost!

Secret 3: the right top dressing

Although raspberries are an unpretentious crop, they will always be grateful for feeding and will respond with a noticeable increase in yield. If by the time the raspberries were planted, the soil in the selected area had already been fertilized with old humus or compost (at the recommended rate of 10 kg per 1 square meter), then the plant will have enough nutrients for several years. If the soil under the raspberries is poor, then in the spring and summer, it is necessary to feed the bushes with organic matter or complex fertilizers. It:

chicken manure, rotted manure (in autumn)
peat (at any time)
ash (spring)
nitrogen fertilizers (spring)
complex fertilizers (spring and early summer)

Fertilizer Recipes

Complex mineral

per 10 liters of water: ammonium nitrate - 30 g, potassium salt - 40 g, superphosphate - 60 g

Complex "raspberry"

add 6 g of potassium + 6 g of nitrogen + 4 g of phosphorus to 3 kg of manure; use at the rate of 1.5 kg of finished fertilizer per 1 sq. meter

You need to know that an excess of fertilizers or their application at the wrong time leads to a decrease in yield, and sometimes even to the death of the bush. In the next video - tips on the mineral nutrition of raspberries from amateur gardener Mikhail Gulenin

Secret 4: getting rid of young growth

Young shoots of raspberries that appear during the growing season must be removed. Extra shoots will take a good half of the nutrients from the bush, which will weaken the main plant and, of course, significantly reduce the yield.

Do not pull extra shoots out of the soil and do not dig out! It is enough to carefully cut at the root.

Secret 5: Mulching

To retain soil moisture, the earth must be mulched. By the way, many gardeners advise not to loosen the soil under raspberry bushes at all and, moreover, not to dig. Here is the case when it is useful to add and add mulch throughout the summer period. It can be straw, peat, manure, sawdust; You can also use the weeds that are left after weeding. So you save moisture and do not injure the root system!

Secret 6: garter

Raspberry bushes that are not cared for thicken. The lower part of the stem remains without light - naturally, and without berries. Often the stems fall, the upper berries touch the ground, get dirty, damaged. As a result, the harvest falls, and the harvesting of raspberries is inconvenient, and the bushes break during harvesting. In a word, continuous minuses.

Therefore, it is best to tie raspberries on a trellis from the very first year of planting. This will save time and allow the raspberries to get maximum light. And that means harvest.

Secret 7: pruning

The fact that raspberries grow rapidly, every gardener knows. So that it does not degenerate and gives a good harvest, it must be cut off. Trimming methods and methods are different. In the next video, Olga Platonova shares a well-established method of double pruning raspberries

Secret 8: Pest Control

Raspberries are rarely affected by pests and diseases. But if this happens, try to avoid the use of chemicals, it is better to use folk methods or biological preparations.

from fungal diseases

Recipe "Ash and soap"

Dilute 300 g of ash in 10 liters of water, leave for 4 hours. Strain, add 40 g of laundry soap
Spray bushes in calm weather

From aphids and other harmful insects

Recipe 1: "mustard"

Dilute 100 g of dry mustard powder in 10 liters of water

Recipe 2: "onion peel"

150-200 g of onion peel pour 10 liters of warm water, leave for 4 days.

Secret 9: processing after harvest

As soon as the raspberry bushes have given you the entire harvest of this year, the fruiting branches must be removed immediately so that they do not obscure the young shoots and do not prevent them from gaining strength before winter. In the next video - a master class by an experienced summer resident on pruning raspberries after harvest

That's all the little secrets of a great raspberry harvest.

In our summer cottage, raspberries grow like a weed (may the gardeners forgive me for such blasphemy). Our plants are doing well. At the height of the season, from an area of 6 sq.m. we collect 3 liters of berries at a time plus we go to the forest. There are enough raspberries, so we don’t take special care of plantings. But still certain raspberry care tips in the handbooks are written, namely:

Do I need to water raspberries?
how to water raspberries;
how can you feed raspberries in spring, summer (June, July) and autumn?

How often to water raspberries?

Watering raspberries depends on weather conditions: air temperature and abundance of precipitation. Particular attention is paid to watering during:

flowering,
formation of ovaries,
fruiting and ripening of berries.

watering raspberries recommended by drip irrigation, furrow or sprinkling. After fruiting (in August and September), raspberries have enough moisture, so additional watering is not required. In case of drought, they practice watering plants in the second half of October in order to prepare for winter.

Excessive moisture, as well as lack, adversely affects plants. Therefore, every time it is worth considering whether watering is really necessary. Do not forget to water the raspberries immediately after planting: do this at the rate of 1 bucket of water for 3-4 plants. But for adult plants, the watering rate in liters in the reference book "Encyclopedia of Country Life", unfortunately, is not spelled out.

In another reference book - "Fruit growing" - such a norm is given, how often to water raspberries:

In dry weather in Central Russia, watering raspberries is recommended 2 times - during the formation of ovaries and the ripening of berries. In the southern regions, it is watered up to 7 times: before flowering, when the ovary is green, 2-3 times during the ripening of the crop, after harvest, during a dry autumn in order to prepare for winter.

Water consumption for 1 irrigation: 300-400 cubic meters of water per 1 ha. Irrigation is carried out by sprinkling or by furrows. In terms of 1 square meter, 30-40 liters of water per 1 square meter are obtained. meter. Too much 🙂

What to feed raspberries?

General rules for feeding raspberries:

Plants that have enough nutrition should not be fed. Only at low and medium levels of nutrients in the soil, top dressing is carried out.
Top dressing is carried out before loosening the soil.
The effectiveness of top dressing increases if it is carried out in conjunction with irrigation (300-400 cubic meters of water per hectare).

spring useful nitrogen fertilizers:
When planting, urea is added at the rate of 15 g per 1 m2 into the grooves on both sides of the row. Fertilizer close up in the soil by loosening. And after loosening, the soil under the bushes is mulched with organic matter (compost, humus or straw manure) at the rate of 6 kg per m2. The procedure is repeated annually. A solution is also used: 1-1.5 matchboxes of ammonium nitrate per 10 liters of water. Each bush is shed from a watering can with a strainer, and then gently loosened so as not to damage the roots.

Summer and autumn useful phosphorus and potassium:
Phosphorus and potassium supplements are recommended once every 3 years.
For this apply:
Superphosphate in the calculation of 120-150 g per 1 m2.
Potassium sulphate in the calculation of 90-120 g per 1 m2.

Feed raspberries in summer, in June when the ovary is still green, it is useful with a solution of slurry or bird droppings. This top dressing is recommended for high yields or poor plant growth. If you're a little late, no problem. feed raspberries during ripening and fruiting, that is in July. However, such late feeding will have less effect on the crop than at the beginning of summer. A solution of mullein is prepared in a ratio of 1 to 10 with water. A bucket is enough to water 1 sq. meters. At a distance of 20 cm from the bushes, grooves are made with a rake and the solution is poured into them. As it is absorbed, close up with earth. This summer dressing is loved not only by raspberries, but also by currants and gooseberries.

Organic fertilizers (peat, compost, rotted manure) are applied annually autumn under the dig. Many berry crops (raspberries, gooseberries, currants) after picking berries need such top dressing. In autumn, the soil under the bushes is sprinkled with organic matter and dug up (at some distance from the bushes, so as not to damage the roots). Then, during autumn top dressing, it is recommended to add superphosphate (10 g per 1 m2) in combination with potassium salt.

We found such data in the reference book "Encyclopedia of Country Life". Another reference book - "Fruit Growing" (from the times of the USSR) gives the following recommendations, how to feed raspberries:

Raspberry every year apply the following amount of fertilizer per 1 hectare:

30-40 tons of manure (3-4 kg per square meter),
1 -1.5 centners of ammonium nitrate (10-15 g per square meter),
1.6 - 2.4 centners of superphosphate (16-24 g per square meter),
0.6 - 0.9 quintals of potassium chloride (6-9 g per square meter).

Norms vary depending on the condition of the soil and plants.

Fertilizers are poured into grooves or holes located on both sides of the row (distance 40-50 cm from the base of the bush).

loosening

This source (Handbook "Fruit Growing") also recommends paying special attention to loosening the soil under raspberry bushes.

Planting strips should be kept regularly loose and weed-free. The main tillage is carried out in the fall, after the end of the growing season. In October, the aisles are plowed to a depth of 15-20 cm, and the soil near the plants in the rows is dug up with pitchforks or shovels by 8-12 cm. At the same time, the shovel is placed not across, but along the direction of root growth, so as not to damage them.

In the spring and immediately after harvesting, shallow cultivation is carried out and they try to maintain the soil in this state throughout the season.