Schemes of boring machines, types, purpose and features of the configuration. Boring machine: models, specifications, purpose What is a boring machine

Horizontal boring machine, the models and specifications of which may be different, has the following purpose:

1. Hole boring.
2. drilling.
3. Turning parts with a cylindrical shape.
4. Processing the ends of products.
5. Milling.
6. Reaming.
7. Threading using a product with the designation 2620B.

And this is not a complete list of operations performed by the installation of a horizontal boring machine. Due to this, it is possible to use only one type of equipment for a full cycle of manufacturing parts from blanks. This is a very convenient option for multi-series production; no additional equipment is required.

The presence of a spindle is one of the distinguishing features. This part of the structure is horizontal, vertical. 1 horizontal element is the most common.

The spindle is used to hold cutting action fixtures on the 2620 horizontal boring machine, including:

• countersink;
• drill;
• incisors;
• cutters and so on.

During operation, the parameters are determined by the diameter of the spindles. The same applies to the overall performance of machines, including the 2620V option.

About the design features

The design features and the used blanks make it possible to single out the installation of a special, universal purpose.

Horizontal boring machines 2620 are:

1. Diamond boring.
2. Coordinate boring.
3. Horizontal view.

The horizontally positioned machine has three options:

• with two directions of movement;
• with movement in one direction;
• lack of movement.

The spindle is moving, which means that work is starting, shaping, when workpieces are processed using a horizontal boring machine 2620. Both the tool itself and the workpiece can be fed. The specific option is determined by the technology used. Processing is not complete without additional movements:

1. Use of guides when moving the steady rest.
2. The connection of the steady rest and the rear pillar.
3. Table movement across or along.
4. Headstock running vertically. 2620V designs also have such an opportunity. This makes the performance high, and relative to the 2620a option.

The turntable is supplied with most of the machines, with spindles of 125 mm diameter. Tables move both transversely and lengthwise. Among the important additions are the front struts, without movements.

With 125 mm diameter spindles, the racks move in one or several directions without problems. But most often there are models of horizontal boring machines 2620 with fixed components.

Work - on what principle is it based?

Feed movements are the main feature of these devices. Here are some important elements and principles to describe:

• Fastening of cutting tools occurs with the participation of the support of the faceplate or spindle. This is where the rotation starts. The principle is preserved in the models 2620a.
• Location on the surface of the movable table, using a special tool.
• When working, the table moves, along or across. 2620V models have the same capabilities.

The front rack is involved in the process of movement of the headstock, while maintaining the vertical direction. The lunette of the support is combined with the rack at the back. The movement of two parts occurs simultaneously.

When holes are being bored or internal threads are being cut, the translational type movement is carried out by the boring spindle. When a part is being machined with the 2620 horizontal boring machine, the faceplate and carriage move only in the radial direction.

What models are popular?

Among all modifications of horizontal boring machines with and without CNC, the following options are most famous:

1. Skoda W200.
2. 2a614, 2l614.
3. 2a622f4, 2a622.
4. 2620.

Model 2620 Features

This CNC horizontal boring machine also has a number of modifications - 2620G, 2620V, 2620A, 2A620, 2620. When using them, it was previously possible to process parts with medium and larger bodies. Machines are not produced without sliding spindles.

It is characterized by the presence of faceplates inside, 90 mm diameter. Parts weighing less than 3 tons are processed. This is confirmed by the passport is2a636f1.

The differences between the models are as follows:

• 2a620G - there is no rear rack;
• 2А620В - the rear rack is present;
• 2a620F1 - with a device for digital identification.

Information about modifications 2A622F4 and 2A622

This is a new type of CNC horizontal boring machine that has replaced obsolete counterparts.

The devices are designed to process parts cantilevered, even with large housings. Their weight can reach up to 4 tons. Machining should not be a hassle, even if there are holes that require precise parameters. And when certain dimensions are stored for the connection of the axes. Sometimes products with the number 2L614 are arranged this way.

An obligatory part of the equipment is a turntable and a front stand that maintains a fixed position. But the table itself moves, along or across. On machines of this series, it is easy to mill workpieces, following an octagonal contour. Suppose the option with a circular feed of the table. One of the available modifications is is2a636f1.

The design also includes a retractable spindle, with a diameter of 110 millimeters. Plates in one position are mounted on the headstock of the spindle, from the end of the wall. This is how the model of the horizontal boring machine 2a614 works.

Of the main characteristics, it is worth noting high rigidity, the ability to resist vibrations. Due to this, the service life of the spindle device is increased. Console technologies improve efficiency. The processing of the end surfaces of parts becomes possible thanks to a removable faceplate. Boring large diameter holes is simplified. The property is available for variants 2L614.

The variety of designs determines the presence of certain additional parts:

1. CNC option.
2. Identification technologies by digital type.
3. Coordinate readings in digital form, this is important for the machined part.

2a614 - how is the model different?

The main purpose of the model with the designation 2a614 is body-type parts, up to 2-ton weight. It simplifies work with structures where there are holes of exact dimensions with a connection that assumes compliance with the parameters between the axes. Boring machines of the 2a614 series are devices of a universal type that provide access to the following features, like 2L614 products:

• Grooving of the ring device.
• Grinding the surface at the ends.
• Work with sampling, milling.
• Reamed holes.
• Reaming.
• Hole boring. Horizontally boring machines 2a622 also cope with this function.
• drilling.

The manufacturer can optionally install a threading device if necessary. Even on the design 2L614.

A mandatory addition is the clamping of tools in a mechanized way. The fixture is characterized by high resistance to vibration effects. The level of productivity is so high, and the control is so convenient that the work requires a minimum of effort and investment. The level of accuracy will also surprise only pleasantly. But horizontal boring machines 2a622 can also boast of this.

The table with turn is built in any designs. It moves along, across the spindle part. Characterized by the presence of racks in front, not changing position. Like the model 2L614.

The work is also carried out due to the built-in faceplate, with a radial support. The spindle and faceplate would not be able to move without the participation of an alternating current electric motor. For this, a high-speed box is used, with a gear device. The lever gear selection mechanism also becomes an indispensable assistant.

The DC motor is responsible for organizing the feeds. The breadth of the spectrum of regulation is enough so that the solution of the issue does not cause additional problems. The feed rate can be changed at any time without stopping the movement. This possibility is also provided in models of horizontal boring machines 2m614.

2L614 - about the characteristics of the equipment

This machine also represents a group with universal products. It is used in the processing of body parts weighing no more than 1000 kilograms. Other features are also characteristic:

1. Equipped with a built-in rotary table. Standard movements - using the longitudinal, transverse direction. They are also followed in the product 2a622f4.
2. It is worth noting the presence of the front pillar, which is motionless.
3. Among the main units is an alternating current electric motor responsible for organizing the rotational movement, which is carried out with the participation of the spindle, faceplate.
4. It is easier to control the process when using a gear selector with a handle. As in the variant 2a622f4.

The 2l614 modification machine is always supplemented not only with a built-in faceplate, but also with a radially moving caliper. The list of operations performed is longer thanks to the radial caliper.

When processing, you can use the so-called sliding spindle. Then milling work allows you not to use a radial type caliper.

Machine tools will benefit enterprises in the field of mechanics, tool production. In terms of accuracy, there is a correspondence to the category designated H. Products 2a622F4 are arranged differently.

Video: CNC horizontal boring machine.

Skoda W200 - what is good about this model?

The option is relevant for owners of production projects by the piece, in small batches. Including - for parts, cases of serious dimensions. Depending on the agreement with customers, manufacturers can supply two options: with a DRO controller, or with the support of a CNC option. Horizontal boring machines 262G are arranged a little differently.

In addition, each model is equipped with:

• Angled heads.
• Spindle installation 200 mm in diameter, with a retractable housing.
• A table of a turning type, the movement of which is along and across.
• A plate that remains in one position.
• Rack, with a transversely movable device. Which is also in 2a622F4.

Parts may have a maximum weight of 20 tons under such circumstances. The machine allows you to thread, use a cutter on the end face, process the ends, and many other operations. This is a modern design, in the production of which only high quality components are used.

Model 2a622F4 was no exception. After all, when performing such operations, errors are unacceptable. One of the best offers available to European market participants. Widely used in export, supplied to representatives of foreign countries.

The horizontal boring machine is used for boring holes, drilling, turning cylindrical parts, processing the ends of products, milling, countersinking, threading and many other operations.

This diversity allows you to complete a full cycle in creating a product from a workpiece without using any other devices, which is very convenient for multi-series production.

A distinctive feature of this type of production equipment, which carries out axial feed, is the presence of a spindle (horizontal or vertical).

One of the cutting tools is fixed in the spindle - a milling cutter, a boring bar with a set of cutters, a drill, a countersink, etc. The spindle diameter determines all operating parameters and overall dimensions of the machine.

1 Design features

According to their design features, as well as the use of various types of workpiece processing, boring machines are divided into specialized and universal.

Universal ones include:

• horizontally boring;
• coordinate boring;
• diamond boring.

Horizontally boring machines have three standard designs according to the functionality of the front rack:

• motionless;
• moving in one direction;
• moving in two directions.

The working (shaping) movement of the boring machine during the processing of the workpiece is the rotation of the spindle. Depending on the type of machining being performed, either the tool itself or the workpiece being machined is fed. When the machine is running additional movements can be used:

• spindle head vertically;
• machine table along and across its base;
• rear pillar with lunette;
• steady rest along the rack guides.

Machines whose spindle diameter does not exceed 125 mm have a turntable that can move both longitudinally and transversely and a fixed front stand.

On heavy boring machines with a spindle diameter greater than 125 mm, the front column moves in one, and in some models, in two directions. Most models of horizontal boring machines are equipped with a fixed front stand.

1.1 Working principle

The operation of the machine is based on feed movements. The cutting tool is fixed in the spindle or faceplate support, where it receives rotation. The installation of the workpiece can be done on a movable table or in a special fixture. At work the table can move in the transverse and longitudinal directions.

The vertical movement of the headstock occurs along the front column, while the support rest located on the rear column moves simultaneously with it. The boring spindle, when boring holes, cutting internal threads, or other similar operations, moves forward, and the faceplate slide moves when machining a part in the radial direction.

1.2 How do horizontal boring machines work? (video)

2 Main models

The most famous and widely used modifications of boring machines are the following models:

• 2620;
• 2a622f4, 2a622;
• 2a614, 2l614;
• Skoda w200.

2.1 Horizontal boring machine 2620

This machine was produced in modifications - 2620, 2A620, 2620A, 2620V, 2620G, which made it possible to bore large and medium-sized body parts. Such machines are equipped with a retractable spindle, which has a diameter of 90 mm and a built-in faceplate. They can process parts weighing up to 3 tons.

Variant differences:

• 2A620F1 - can digital display device;
• 2A620V - the presence of a rear rack;
• 2A620G - without a rear rack.

2.2 Horizontally boring machines 2a622f4, 2a622

Machines of the 2a622f4, 2a622 series have replaced the already somewhat outdated equipment 2622.

Boring machines 2a622f4, 2a622 are designed for cantilever processing of large body parts weighing up to 4 tons, in which there are holes with precise parameters and their axes interconnected by certain sizes.

Machines 2a622f4, 2a622 are equipped with a turntable and a fixed front stand. The table can move longitudinally and transversely with respect to the spindle axis. The equipment of the 2a622f4, 2a622 series, in its constructive structure, allows milling workpieces on it along an octagonal contour or with a circular table feed.

Machine tools of models 2a622f4, 2a622 are equipped with a retractable spindle, the diameter of which is 110 mm and a fixed plate on the end wall of the headstock.

Models 2a622f4, 2a622 are characterized by high rigidity and increased resistance to vibration of the spindle device, which allows high-performance cantilever processing of workpieces. Removable faceplate allows you to process the end surfaces of parts and bore holes with a large diameter.

Depending on the configuration by the manufacturer, machines 2a622f4, 2a622 may have:

• optical reading of coordinates;
• digital indication;
• CNC system.

2.3 Boring machine 2a614

Machine 2a614 is designed to work with body parts weighing up to 2 tons, having precise holes, which are interconnected by specific interaxal parameters. Boring machine 2a614 is a universal device that allows you to carry out the following types of parts processing:

• drilling;
• boring holes;
• reaming;
• reaming holes;
• milling of planes and selection of grooves;
• turning ends;
• grooving.

Upon delivery of the machine 2a614 from the manufacturer, an additional installation of a thread-cutting device is possible.

Machine 2a614 has a mechanized tool clamp and is highly resistant to vibration. High productivity and convenient operation, contribute to the processing of parts with minimal time and high accuracy.

The 2a614 universal boring machine has a built-in rotary table that can move, in relation to the spindle, in the longitudinal and transverse directions, as well as a front fixed stand.

Modification 2a614-1 has a built-in faceplate with a radial support. On the 2a614 machine, the rotation of the faceplate and spindle is set by an AC electric motor using a gear gearbox, which is equipped with a gear selector lever.

The feeds on the machine 2a614 are set by a DC electric motor, with a wide range of regulation. The feed rate is changed as needed without stopping the operation of the equipment.

2.4 Boring machine 2l614

Machine 2l614 is also universal and is used in work with body parts, the weight of which does not exceed 1000 kg.

Boring machine 2l614 is equipped with a built-in rotary table, which can move longitudinally and transversely in relation to the spindle and the fixed front strut.

On 2l614, the rotational movement of the spindle and faceplate through a gear gearbox, which is equipped with a gear selection lever mechanism, is set by an AC electric motor.

Modification of the machine 2l614 provides for the presence of a built-in faceplate with a radial support. The radial support of the universal machine 2l614 allows you to grind the end surfaces of parts, carry out cantilever boring of holes with a large diameter, and bore annular grooves.

On 2l614 it is possible to process the part with a sliding spindle, which makes it possible to do without a radial support during milling work.

The universal machine 2l614 is used in the work of small mechanical and tool enterprises. According to the accuracy class 2l614, it corresponds to the “H” category, while the accuracy of one division of the turntable scale is ± 5 ". The surface roughness of the part that has been machined ranges from V3 to V7.

Technical characteristics of horizontal boring machines 2l614, 2a614-1

Parameter name	2l614	2а614-1
Main parameters of the machine
Accuracy class of machine tools according to GOST 8-77	H	H
Retractable boring spindle diameter, mm	80	80
The largest diameter of boring by a spindle, mm	350
The largest bore diameter of the faceplate support, mm	420
The largest diameter of face boring and turning with a faceplate support, mm	500
The largest diameter of the drill (along the cone), mm	50
Table
Working surface of the built-in rotary table, mm	800 x 1000	1000 x 1000
The largest mass of the processed product, kg	1000	2000
The greatest movement of the table (longitudinal / transverse), mm	800/ 1000	800/ 1000
Limits of working feeds of the table (along and across), mm/min	1,26...2000	1,26...2000
The greatest strengthening of giving of a table (along and across), kN	10	10
Limbo scale division, mm	0,05
Division of the scale of the limb of the table rotation, deg	10`
Switching stops for end positions	there is	there is
Speed ​​of fast longitudinal movements of the table, m/min	2,18	5
Speed ​​of fast transverse movements of the table, m/min	2,18	5
Headstock, rising spindle, faceplate
The greatest horizontal (axial) movement of the retractable spindle, mm	500	500
Spindle speed, rpm	20...1600	20...1600
Number of spindle speeds	20	20
Spindle feed limits, mm/min	2,2...1760	1,26...2000
The end of the retractable spindle in accordance with GOST 24644-81 with a cone for fixing a tool	40AT5	40AT5
The end of the retractable spindle in accordance with GOST 6569-75 with a cone for tool mounting	Morse 5	Morse 5
Limits of working feeds of the radial caliper, mm/min	0,89...710	0,5...800
Limits of working feeds of the spindle head, mm/min	1,4...1110	1,26...2000
The greatest vertical movement of the headstock (adjusting), mm	800	800
Speed ​​of fast movements of the spindle head, m/min	2,18	5
Speed ​​of fast movements of a spindle, m/min	3,48	5
Faceplate rotation speed, rpm	8...200	6,3...200
Number of faceplate speeds	16	16
Ability to turn off the rotation of the faceplate	there is	there is
Possibility of simultaneous feeding of caliper and spindle
The greatest movement of the radial support of the faceplate, mm	120	125
Speed ​​of fast movements of the radial support, m/min	1,4	2
The greatest torque on the spindle, N * m	880	865
Maximum torque on the faceplate, N*m	1320	1300
Maximum spindle feed gain, kN	7,5	7,5
Electrical equipment, drive
Power circuit voltage, V	~380/220V 50Hz	~380/220V 50Hz
Control circuit voltage, V	~110; -24	~110; -24
Main drive electric motor, kW	6,7	6
Table rotation drive electric motor, kW	0,8	0,8
Feed drive motor (DC)	1.6 kW	21 Nm
Lubrication pump drive motor, kW	0,12	0,12
Rest drive electric motor, kW	0,4	0,27
Dimensions and weight of the machine
Machine dimensions, including table and slide travel, mm	4300 x 2075 x 2490	4518 x 2950 x 2870
Machine weight, kg	7350	8500

2.5 CNC horizontal boring machine Skoda w200

The Skoda w200 model is used in single-piece and small-scale production in the processing of heavy body parts with large dimensions. Skoda w200, by agreement with the customer, comes in two versions:

• with DRO system (Siemens controller);
• CNC system.

Skoda w200 is equipped with:

• cross-movable rack;
• fixed plate;
• longitudinally movable rotary table;
• retractable spindle (diameter 200 mm);
• angle heads.

The Skoda w200 machine allows you to work with body parts weighing up to 20 tons and up to 3000 mm long, which are mounted on a fixed plate.

The main operations that are possible using this equipment:

• drilling;
• reaming;
• boring;
• processing of the ends of parts;
• reaming holes;
• milling with a face mill;
• threading with a boring spindle.

Boring machines are used for processing large-sized workpieces in mass and small-scale production using different tools. Equipment of this type can differ primarily in design and scope. In addition to the usual ones, there are also CNC models that work according to pre-compiled programs.

Boring machines: purpose and areas of use

Such equipment can be used to perform such operations as:

• threading, internal and external;
• drilling blind and through holes;
• reaming;
• trimming the ends of blanks;
• face and cylindrical milling, etc.

Most often, this equipment is used for finishing or semi-finishing. However, it happens that with its use they produce and finish. The part body on such machines is rarely processed, but sometimes this operation is still performed. Repair of a boring machine is carried out approximately according to the same technology as that of a lathe. The same applies to the features of operation. The design of these two types of machines are similar. Like many other special types of equipment designed for processing metal and wood blanks, the boring machine was once designed on the basis of the lathe.

Types of boring machines by design

Enterprises can use three main types of such equipment:

• horizontal boring machines;
• coordinate boring;
• diamond boring.

The first two types of machines are most widely used. The spindle is responsible for moving the tool in all types of such equipment. When performing workpiece processing operations, tools such as drills, reamers, countersinks can be used. Sometimes a cutter is also used.

Horizontal boring models

The main design feature of this type of machine is that the spindle is located in a horizontal position and can be extended. This allows you to make holes even in the most inaccessible places, including in dimensional parts (arrows, frames, metal structures).

The main movement of horizontal boring models is rotational-translational. It is done by the spindle. Moves in such machines not only the tool itself, but also the workpiece. If necessary, feeds and speeds can be switched during operation. Filing in some cases is carried out by means of a special substrate.

Depending on the configuration, in addition to the main movements, such machines may have auxiliary:

• spindle head along the vertical axis;
• table at the given coordinates.

Also, the design of some models provides for the possibility of moving the lunette and the rear rack. Below is a diagram of a boring machine of this type. Horizontal models can be used to machine parts made of cast iron or cast steel.

Views by layout

A boring machine is usually used to process complex configuration parts with many holes, grooves and ledges. According to the layout, this equipment is classified into:

• Models with spindle diameter up to 125 mm. With the use of such equipment, usually small workpieces are processed. The table of such models can move along two axes. The boring head is able to move along the column in the vertical direction.
• Equipment with a spindle diameter of 100-200 mm. Such a boring machine is designed to work with medium-sized and large-sized workpieces. With such machines, the table moves in only one direction.
• Models with spindle 125-320 mm. This equipment is used for processing very large parts. These machines have a stationary table.

Features of coordinate boring models

Machines of this variety are used for drilling holes according to precisely specified parameters. This operation can be performed on different blanks (conductor plates, body parts, etc.). High processing accuracy is ensured by the presence of special devices in the design of coordinate boring models: mechanical, optical and electronic. In addition, such models are equipped with rotary tables. This allows you to make holes in polar coordinate systems without having to move the part. Enterprises can use two-column or single-column jig boring machines. The dimensions of models of this type, unlike horizontal ones, are not too large.

Diamond boring machines

Models of this group are intended mainly for fine boring of cylindrical surfaces. In the presence of additional accessories on them, shaped and conical surfaces of rotation, grooves and ends can also be machined. When using such machines, it is allowed to drill several holes at the same time with parallel axes. Diamond boring machines can be:

• vertical;
• oblique;
• combined;
• horizontal with a movable table.

Price

Boring machines in many cases belong to special-purpose equipment. Therefore, they are for the most part very expensive. There are models, the price of which can be millions of rubles. Some machines are cheaper - several hundred thousand. The price of equipment of this type, like any other, depends primarily on its technical characteristics. Today, there are also used machines of this type on the market. They are, of course, cheaper than new ones.

Boring machines: domestic and foreign models

Boring machines are widely represented on the domestic market. There are many brands of this equipment. An example is:

1. Machine tools of the WH, WHN, WRD series manufactured by TOS Varnsdorf.
2. Mobile Climax models made in the USA.

Until now, Soviet models of this group are also very popular on the market. For example, if you wish, you can purchase horizontal boring 2A614, 2A622, 2A635 or coordinate boring 2421, 2E440, 2E450, etc.

Main technical characteristics

When buying a boring machine, usually pay attention to the following parameters:

• spindle diameter;
• maximum allowable dimensions and weight of blanks;
• desktop size;
• the maximum possible movement along the axes;
• number of speeds;
• feed range;
• engine power.

Another important characteristic of the boring machine is the engine power.

CNC boring machines

Models of this variety in comparison with conventional ones have a lot of advantages. Their work is controlled by a computer with a program embedded in it. This allows you to achieve high processing accuracy and maximum productivity. The program is written in special codes specified in the description for the machine. This modern equipment can be used for both roughing and finishing parts.

Boring machines - the equipment is really in demand and in many cases irreplaceable. Especially when you need a jeweler's precision or maximum performance. If an enterprise has a need for equipment of this type, it will not be difficult to find a suitable model in the modern domestic market.

For complex processing of metal blanks, specialists use a special type of equipment - boring machines. They can perform several types of operation and represent complex industrial complexes with automatic operation functions.

Purpose of boring machines

Before analyzing the schemes of boring machines, one should consider their functionality, technical and operational qualities. First of all, this concerns the design features.

The specifics of the configuration of the horizontal boring machine can be seen in the diagram of the standard model of this equipment. It consists of a bed, a stand, a table with a slide and a milling head. The bed serves as the base of the table, there are two types of guides on it - flat and T-shaped. Slides move along them. To set up the equipment, a control unit and a device for acquiring coordinates are provided. The spindle head is designed for fixing parts. Depending on the selected sets of cutters, work on the processing of the workpiece is performed.

Features of the operation of a horizontal boring machine can be found in the standard scheme. They are as follows:

• mandatory presence of corrective mechanisms designed to reduce the screw pitch error;
• optical devices are used to increase the accuracy of processing;
• not subject to change of the set parameters due to vibration.

These requirements impose special conditions for the manufacture of such equipment.

The layout of the horizontal boring machine depends on the type of work performed. The main task is the correct choice of the cutting tool.

Horizontal boring machines

The most common models are horizontal boring machines. They perform most of the standard operations; individual manufacturing schemes have been developed for them.

The design feature of this type of equipment is the location of the spindle - horizontal. To perform the processing process, it is necessary to rotate the workpiece, which provides the power units of the device. During operation, there is a rotational-translational movement of the spindle. The workpiece boring procedure can be performed in several ways of feed motion:

• tool;
• parts that are mounted on the table;
• using a special movable substrate.

Additionally, the equipment can be equipped with devices for moving the headstock, shifting the table relative to two coordinates, smooth switching of speeds, etc. It all depends on the specific model of the equipment.

Almost any milling machine can be modified to perform additional functions. But these changes should not affect its performance.

Jig boring machines

Other varieties of this equipment have much more functionality - devices for coordinate processing of steel surfaces of workpieces. Unlike horizontal boring machines, they have complex control, but at the same time they are able to perform a number of other operations.

The main task of this equipment is the formation of holes of non-standard shape. With their help, conductors, templates, stamps, etc. are made. With high processing accuracy, the industrial complex can be reconfigured for the manufacture of another part in a short time. An important feature is the fine tuning of the initial parameters for processing.

In addition, the coordinate model differs from the above types of equipment by the presence of the following components:

• high accuracy of movement of knots. This is provided by devices of several types - optical, mechanical and electronic;
• universal rotary tables They make it possible to process holes in polar coordinate systems without shifting the cutting part;
• spindle displacement occurs in the horizontal direction.

In addition, there are single-column and two-column models. The difference between them lies in the degree of processing of the part.

Unlike standard machine tools with a horizontal spindle, coordinate models are small in size. The exception is special equipment designed for processing large parts.

For the manufacture of products from especially hard grades of steel, diamond modifications of milling equipment are used. The difference lies in the cutting part of the tool. In addition to drilling holes, the machines can process conical and cylindrical parts. The average error makes 0.5-1 microns.

Such equipment is used for the manufacture of instruments, as well as in mechanical engineering. For a complete set several types of cutters of square or rectangular shape are applied. According to the type of processing, they can be threaded, grooved, undercut and through. The most common plate cutters, the diameter of which is 20 mm. For sharpening components, it is necessary to use special equipment.

In the video you can see an example of the factory model:

Overview and comparison of model characteristics

Model	TK611B/1	TK611С/1	TK611C/4
Spindle diameter, mm	110/130
The size of the working surface of the table, mm	1320x1010
Longitudinal transverse movement of the table, mm	850x1300	1200x1300	1800 x 1300
Vertical movement of the headstock, mm	900	900	1200
Longitudinal movement of the sliding spindle, mm	550
Max. boring diameter, mm	240
Max. drilling diameter, mm	50
Max. displacement of the radial support, mm	160
Spindle feed range, mm/min	0.5-1000
Spindle speed limits, rpm	12-1100
Faceplate speed limits, rpm	4-130
Overall dimensions, mm	4970*2100*3010	4970*2330*3010	4970*2717*3120
Weight, kg	10700	12000	14500

On boring machines for surface treatment, various tools are used: cutters, drills, countersinks, reamers, taps, cutters.

Rice. 1. Tools for boring machines

Boring cutters according to the shape of the cross section of the body are divided into square , rectangular (Fig. 1, a) and round (Fig. 1, b).

Depending on the type of processing, various types of boring cutters are used: walk-through , scoring , grooving and threaded . Lamellar cutters are widely used - the main tool for boring holes with a diameter of more than 20 mm. Lamellar cutters are divided into one- and two-bladed (Fig. 1, c). Double-bladed lamellar cutters are made according to the size of the bored hole.

Boring blocks (Fig. 1, d) are a prefabricated structure consisting of a body 1 and plug-in adjustable cutters 2, fixed with screws 3 and 4. The cutters are adjusted according to the diameter of the boring hole.

Boring heads are used for machining large diameter holes. On fig. 1e shows a detachable boring head for machining holes with a diameter of 130 - 225 mm. The scoring cutters of the head are pre-set in diameter and end to a given size, which makes it possible to process a number of coaxial holes both in diameter and on the ends.

Special reamers with non-adjustable and adjustable knives are used for finishing holes after they have been pre-bored with cutters. The adjustable floating reamer (Fig. 1, f) has two knives 5 mutually moving along the key 7 and fastened with screws 6 against the screw 8, the position of which is adjusted depending on the specified size of the hole to be machined. The reamer is equipped with hard alloy plates.

Devices for processing workpieces on boring machines

Workpieces on the table of the boring machine are fixed using various universal devices: clamping bars, machine bolts, squares, prisms (see Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Devices for fixing workpieces on machines

When processing holes and planes located at an angle to the base of the workpiece or to each other, squares are used. Billets with cylindrical bearing surfaces are mounted on prisms.

Body parts are distinguished by a wide variety of shapes and sizes of machined surfaces and the accuracy of their processing. Depending on this, various designs of boring jigs are used to secure body workpieces and ensure the correct position of the tool relative to the surface to be machined.

The cutting tool on boring machines is fixed with the help of an auxiliary tool: cantilever mandrels, double-support mandrels and chucks. The use of an auxiliary tool is due to the fact that the cutter cannot be directly clamped in the boring spindle or radial slide. Boring bars have rectangular, square or round holes for inserting cutters, located at an angle of 45 or 90 ° to the axis of rotation of the bar. Short cantilever mandrels are designed to secure one or two cutters when boring blind and through holes of small length.

Rice. 3. Mandrels for fixing the cutting tool

For boring holes that are at a great distance from the end of the machine faceplate, or several coaxial holes, use extended cantilever mandrels (Fig. 3, a). Cantilever mandrels are also used for lamellar floating reamers (Fig. 3, b). Plate 3 is inserted into the socket of the mandrel and screw 1 is kept from falling out. At the same time, due to the presence of a small gap (0.1 - 0.15 mm) between the groove 2 of the plate 3 and the screw 1, the reamer can self-align ("float").

A two-bearing boring bar (Fig. 3, c) is a long shaft with a tapered shank at one end for installation in the machine spindle. The other end of the mandrel is fixed in the rest of the rear rack of the machine. Along the length of the mandrel there are windows for installing rod and lamellar cutters.

Processing workpieces on horizontal boring machines

Horizontal boring machines are among the most common, on their basis the designs of other universal and special boring machines are made.

On boring machines, holes, outer cylindrical and flat surfaces, ledges, grooves, less often conical holes are machined and internal and external threads are cut with cutters. The most common type of processing on boring machines is boring holes.

Boring of cylindrical holes is carried out with cutters mounted on a cantilevered or two-bearing mandrel. The use of a cantilever mandrel is advisable in cases where the length of the hole being machined l< 5D because as the length of the mandrel increases, its rigidity decreases.

Rice. 4. Schemes for processing workpieces on horizontal boring machines.

On fig. 4, a shows a diagram of boring a hole of small length with a two-bladed lamellar cutter fixed in a cantilevered mandrel. The workpiece is given a longitudinal feed. With a small hole length, when it is possible to work with a short rigid mandrel, they are bored with the axial feed of the boring spindle. By boring with longitudinal feed of the workpiece, a more correct hole is obtained due to the constant overhang of the spindle.

Attitude holes l/D > 5 and coaxial holes are bored with cutters fixed in a two-support mandrel.

On fig. 4b shows the simultaneous boring of two coaxial holes. The mandrel with cutters receives the main rotational movement, and the workpiece receives a longitudinal feed in the direction from the rear rack to the headstock.

Holes of large diameter, but small length, are bored with a cutter fixed in the radial support of the faceplate (Fig. 4, c). The faceplate with the cutter is given the main rotational movement, and the table with the workpiece is given the longitudinal feed. Holes with a diameter of more than 130 mm are processed with boring blocks and heads. Boring of parallel and mutually perpendicular holes is performed with one setting of the workpiece. After boring the first hole, the table is moved in the transverse direction or the headstock in the vertical direction by an amount equal to the center-to-center distance, then the second and other holes are bored. If it is required to bore mutually perpendicular holes, then after boring the first hole, the table is rotated by 90 ° and the second hole is bored.

Boring of conical holes is carried out by boring heads fixed in a boring spindle, which is informed of axial feed. Conical holes with a diameter of more than 80 mm are bored with a cutter using a universal fixture mounted on a radial faceplate support (Fig. 4, d).

Drilling, countersinking, reaming, countersinking, countersinking and tapping are performed on boring machines in the same way as on vertical drilling machines. The tool is fixed in the boring spindle and the main rotational movement and axial feed are imparted to it. The workpiece placed on the machine table remains stationary.