Security fire alarm system at a secure facility. Fire alarm equipment. The principle of operation of manual fire detectors

GI systems carries out the implementation and installation security and fire appliances. Premises of any area - offices, country houses, industrial facilities - will be protected by reliable equipment.

A properly designed system helps to foresee various emergencies at a protected facility, effectively secure property and staff. OPS devices make it possible to track the leakage of gas, water, the occurrence of a fire. A pre-installed program automatically gives a command to the security and fire equipment to perform an action (switch on the siren, start the water supply, turn off the tap, etc.).

A special GSM-system will duplicate the alarm signal on a mobile phone, this notification feature allows you to remotely control the situation. Being on a trip, a business trip, the owner of the property will always be sure of the safety of the property. The convenience of using the GSM notification system has long been appreciated by the owners of private households and commercial facilities.

Using the services of competent specialists, you get confidence in the trouble-free, reliable operation of fire alarm devices. To protect the object, autonomous devices can be used, their purpose is to scare off intruders, to signal the penetration with a powerful sound signal. Autonomous detectors are designed to solve various problems. Information is taken by motion sensors, window devices, acoustic devices, etc., and then the data is sent to the base unit.

You can order autonomous detectors and other fire and security equipment right now, contact the manager in any form convenient for you.

The head of the enterprise or the owner of any real estate must take care of protecting his property from the negative impact of man-made disasters and intruders. To ensure the safety of the premises and all the objects that are in it, not only specially trained people standing near the doors can. Modern technologies make it possible to ensure the safety of the premises thanks to specially designed connected subsystems into one system. Many are familiar with fire response systems and burglar alarm systems.

Security and fire alarms: the concept and its tasks

An integrated system that includes fire and security alarm systems is called a fire and security system. This system is becoming very popular today. Most often, the system is part of an integrated security complex. The main function of the fire and security alarm system is provided for by GOST 2642-84. Its main task is to receive, process and transmit, in the prescribed manner, information about a fire that has occurred at a protected facility or a fire or penetration of unauthorized people into it.

The main functions of the security and fire system are:

monitoring the state of the territory throughout the day;
detection of even the slightest fire at the facility;
determining the exact location of a fire or penetration of intruders;
information must be provided in an understandable form;
response to hacking attempts and system breakdowns;
response to malfunctions of the detection device.

The fire and security alarm is a complex system, has a rather high cost, but according to consumer reviews and experiments, it is the only reliable electronic protection device.

Modern security equipment includes several subsystems that depend on executive functions:

security - the device responds to any external penetration;
fire - the device reacts to the occurrence of any signs of a fire;
alarm - the device calls for the necessary help if a signal of an unexpected attack appears;
emergency - the device gives a signal in the event of some emergency situations: gas leakage, water breakthrough, water overflow, etc.

Each subsystem has its own strictly defined goals. All subsystems are combined into one security system by integrating with each other.

What is an alarm system that provides protection against fires and theft

The components of a fire and intruder control system are:

sensors that are danger signal receivers;
equipment that receives a danger signal;
elements that notify of a danger
communication settings;
autonomous battery (generator, battery);
programs that ensure the correct operation of the device.

The principle of operation of the alarm

The principle of operation of the fire alarm system is very simple. Sensors become the main receivers of information about a fire, the penetration of thieves or ill-wishers. About a fire or an attack, sensory mechanisms transmit information to the control panel, which is responsible for collecting data, and in more complex integrated systems, information is transmitted to the control panel. Once the information reaches its destination, the software triggers the system to respond.

The response itself depends on the hardware of the system. If the alarm is supplemented with an access control system, then due to the transmission of information, locks, gates, turnstiles begin to respond to the signal. During a fire, additional evacuation doors are opened to avoid an obstacle for people to leave the danger zone.

If the system is equipped with an automatic extinguishing program, then in case of danger it will necessarily work in conjunction with the smoke removal function. It is important when operating a fire alarm to block the operation of the power supply, which protects against additional danger.

When thieves enter and receive a signal about this, the system launches its own protection program, depending on the type of alarm.

Variety of security and fire systems

The modern equipment market represents a variety of choices for fire and security alarms. Consumers can choose from systems with a simplified security program, systems with additional sensors for monitoring environmental standards that respond to excess gas, water leakage, temperature or humidity levels.

The main signaling distribution occurs on:

Non-address;
Address;
Address questionnaires;
Non-polling address;
Combined.

This classification occurs on the basis of differences in the principle of operation of the alarm.

According to the principle of operation of the detectors, dangers are divided into:

ultrasonic;
light detectors;
vibration detectors;
radio wave;
acoustic;
infrared;
combined.

The following types of sensors are installed in the fire system:

reacting to smoke;
reacting to the temperature in the room;
reacting to flame;
gas responsive;
multisensory, which include a response to 4 signs of a fire;

All sensors are different from each other, have a different degree of sensitivity and reaction speed.

The following types of detectors are known in the security system:

sensors that respond to changes in the distance between the magnet on the doors (windows) and the reed switch;
detectors that respond to impact or surface damage;
sensors that respond to any movement inside the object of protection;
detectors that react to approaching or touching the object of protection.

According to the way they react to a particular problem, sensors are divided into active and passive.

According to the location of the alarm, there are:

internal;
External;
Combined.

There is a division of the system depending on the equipped sensors:

According to the method of obtaining information, there are: analog and threshold;
According to the location of the sensors relative to the room: internal and external;
According to the way of responding to changes in space: linear, surface, volumetric;
Depending on the response to individual objects: local and point;
By the action factor: thermal, light, manual, combined, ionization;
Depending on the physical impact: closing, capacitive, radio beam, seismic.

The result of the system

Thanks to the activity of the security and fire alarm, many objects are protected from sudden attack, penetration, accidents and fires. According to the statistics of unauthorized intrusion on objects in our country, this system is the most secure. It is enough to analyze the statistics to understand the importance of signaling:

50% or more of unauthorized entry into facilities that have free access to working personnel and incoming customers;
About 25% of the territories were the objects of illegal penetration, while they were equipped with mechanical protection elements;
20% of the objects protected by the access system were subject to illegal entry;
5% of territories equipped with complex electronic security systems were subject to illegal actions of intruders.

Managers must be concerned about protecting their facilities and ensuring a high level of reliability through the organization of a multi-level security system.

Alarm sensors are installed in this case at several levels:

along the outer perimeter of the territory;
on windows and doors;
indoors;
on objects that are considered the most important in the protected area: safes, cabinets, boxes.

Each sensor installation point must be connected to its own separate cell of the device, which controls the signal from the sensor and responds to it. This avoids an intruder bypassing a separate point, as well as receiving a timely signal about the very first signs of a fire, attack or emergency.

Fire alarm (PS) is a set of technical means, the purpose of which is to detect a fire, smoke or fire and notify a person in a timely manner. Its main task is to save people's lives, minimize the damage caused and preserve property.

It may consist of the following elements:

Fire control panel (PPKP)- the brain of the entire system, controls the loops and sensors, turns on and off automation (fire extinguishing, smoke removal), controls annunciators and transmits signals to the control panel of a security company or a local dispatcher (for example, a security guard);
Various types of sensors, which can respond to factors such as smoke, open flames and heat;
Fire alarm loop (SHS)- this is a communication line between sensors (detectors) and the control panel. It also supplies power to the sensors;
Annunciator- a device designed to attract attention, there are light - strobe lamps, and sound - sirens.

According to the method of control over the loops, fire alarms are divided into the following types:

PS threshold system

It is also often referred to as traditional. The principle of operation of this type is based on a change in resistance in the loop of fire alarm systems. Sensors can only be in two physical states "norm" and "fire". In case of fixing the fire factor, the sensor changes its internal resistance and the control panel issues an alarm signal on the loop in which this sensor is installed. It is not always possible to visually determine the place of drawdown, because. in threshold systems, an average of 10-20 fire detectors are installed on one loop.

To determine the malfunction of the loop (and not the state of the sensors), an end-of-line resistor is used. It is always installed at the end of the loop. When using fire tactics "PS triggering by two detectors", to receive a signal "Attention" or "probability of fire" additional resistance is installed in each sensor. This allows the use of automatic fire extinguishing systems at the facility and the elimination of possible false alarms and damage to property. Automatic fire extinguishing starts only in case of simultaneous operation of two or more detectors.

PPKP “Granit-5”

The following FACPs can be attributed to the threshold type:

series "Nota", manufacturer Argus-Spectrum
VERS-PK, manufacturer VERS
devices of the "Granit" series, manufacturer NPO "Siberian Arsenal"
Signal-20P, Signal-20M, S2000-4, manufacturer NPB Bolid and other fire appliances.

The advantages of traditional systems include ease of installation and low cost of equipment. The most significant drawbacks are the inconvenience of maintaining a fire alarm and a high probability of false alarms (resistance can vary from many factors, sensors cannot transmit information about dust content), which can only be reduced by using a different type of fire alarm system and equipment.

Address-threshold system PS

A more advanced system is able to automatically periodically check the status of the sensors. Unlike threshold signaling, the principle of operation lies in a different algorithm for polling sensors. Each detector has its own unique address, which allows the control panel to distinguish them and understand the specific cause and location of the malfunction.

The Code of Rules SP5.13130 allows the installation of only one addressable detector, provided that:

The PS does not control fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations or type 5 fire warning systems, or other equipment that, as a result of launch, may lead to material losses and reduce the safety of people;
the area of \u200b\u200bthe room where the fire detector is installed is not larger than the area for which this type of sensor is designed (you can check it according to the passport of the technical documentation for it);
the sensor performance is monitored and in the event of a malfunction, a “fault” signal is generated;
It is possible to replace a faulty detector, as well as its detection by external indication.

Sensors in the address-threshold signaling may already be in several physical states - "norm", "fire", "fault", "Attention", "dustiness" and others. In this case, the sensor automatically switches to another state, which allows you to determine the location of a malfunction or fire with an accuracy of the detector.

PPKP "Dozor-1M"

The following control panels can be attributed to the addressable-threshold type of fire alarm:

Signal-10, manufacturer of airbag Bolid;
Signal-99, manufacturer PromService-99;
Dozor-1M, manufacturer Nita, and other fire appliances.

Address-analogue system PS

The most advanced type of fire alarm to date. It has the same functionality as the address-threshold systems, but differs in the way the signals from the sensors are processed. The decision to switch to "fire" or any other state, it is the control panel that takes it, and not the detector. This allows you to adjust the operation of the fire alarm to external factors. The control panel simultaneously monitors the state of parameters of installed devices and analyzes the obtained values, which can significantly reduce the likelihood of false alarms.

In addition, such systems have an undeniable advantage - the ability to use any address line topology - tire, ring and star. For example, in the event of a break in the ring line, it will split into two independent wire loops, which will fully retain their performance. In star-type lines, special short-circuit insulators can be used, which will determine the location of a line break or short circuit.

Such systems are very convenient in maintenance, because. you can identify in real time the detectors that need to be purged or replaced.

The following control panels can be attributed to the analog addressable type of fire alarm:

Two-wire communication line controller S2000-KDL, manufacturer NPB Bolid;
A series of addressable devices "Rubezh", manufactured by Rubezh;
RROP 2 and RROP-I (depending on the sensors used), manufacturer Argus-Spectrum;
and many other devices and manufacturers.

Scheme of an addressable analog fire alarm system based on the S2000-KDL control panel

When choosing a system, designers take into account all the requirements of the customer's technical specifications and pay attention to the reliability of operation, the cost of installation work and the requirements for routine maintenance. When the reliability criterion for a simpler system starts to drop, designers move on to using a higher level.

Radio channel options are used in cases where laying cables becomes economically unprofitable. But this option requires more money for maintenance and maintenance of devices in working order due to the periodic replacement of batteries.

Classification of fire alarm systems according to GOST R 53325–2012

Types and types of fire alarm systems, as well as their classification are presented in GOST R 53325–2012 “Fire fighting equipment. Technical means of fire automatics. General technical requirements and test methods".

We have already considered address and non-address systems above. Here you can add that the first ones allow you to install non-address fire detectors through special expanders. Up to eight sensors can be connected to one address.

According to the type of information transmitted from the control panel to the sensors, they are divided into:

analog;
threshold;
combined.

According to the total information capacity, i.e. the total number of connected devices and loops are divided into devices:

small information capacity (up to 5 loops);
medium information capacity (from 5 to 20 loops);
large information capacity (more than 20 loops).

According to information content, otherwise, according to the possible number of issued notices (fire, malfunction, dustiness, etc.), they are divided into devices:

low information content (up to 3 notifications);
medium information content (from 3 to 5 notifications);
high information content (from 3 to 5 notifications);

In addition to these parameters, systems are classified according to:

Physical implementation of communication lines: radio channel, wire, combined and fiber optic;
In terms of composition and functionality: without the use of computer technology, with the use of SVT and the possibility of its use;
Control object. Management of various fire extinguishing installations, smoke removal facilities, warning and combined facilities;
Expansion possibilities. Non-expandable or expandable, allowing mounting in a housing or separate connection of additional components.

Types of fire alarm systems

The main task of the warning and evacuation management system (SOUE) is the timely notification of people about a fire in order to ensure safety and prompt evacuation from smoky premises and buildings to a safe area. According to FZ-123 "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements" and SP 3.13130.2009, they are divided into five types.

The first and second type of SOUE

For most small and medium-sized objects, according to fire safety standards, it is necessary to install the first and second type of notification.

At the same time, the first type is characterized by the mandatory presence of a sound annunciator - a siren. For the second type, more “exit” light displays are added. A fire alarm should be triggered simultaneously in all premises with permanent or temporary stay of people.

Third, fourth and fifth type of SOUE

These types belong to automated systems, the launch of an alert is fully automated, and the role of a person in managing the system is minimized.

For the third, fourth and fifth types of SOUE, the main method of notification is speech. Pre-designed and recorded texts are transmitted, which allow the evacuation to be carried out as efficiently as possible.

In the 3rd type additionally, “exit” light indicators are used and the order of notification is regulated - first for the maintenance personnel, and then for all the rest according to a specially developed sequence.

In the 4th type there is a requirement to have a connection with the control room inside the warning zone, as well as additional light indicators for the direction of movement. Fifth type, includes everything listed in the first four, plus the requirement that there is a separation of the inclusion of light indicators for each evacuation zone is added, full automation of the management of the warning system and the organization of multiple evacuation routes from each warning zone is provided.

Fire and security alarm systems are today a necessary element of security in commercial and industrial premises, as well as in private facilities. The systems are designed to effectively help save lives, protect property from fire and theft.

Modern fire and security alarm systems

The security system is a complete solution with two functional elements - security and fire department alarm. This system allows you to detect the source of fire at the initial stage, process and transmit the information received. The system includes:

fire detection sensors,
Remote Control,
communication lines.

The system requires an uninterrupted power supply, as well as an audible fire alarm to signal a fire to the control panel and alert people who are in the building.

These systems are focused on use in offices, administrative institutions, industrial premises, trading floors, as well as in houses and apartments.

Ordering a solution for your facility

In Shop 01 you can buy security and fire alarms in Moscow. We offer you a wide range of quality solutions: security, fire detectors, radio channel systems, warning and broadcasting devices, as well as explosion-proof equipment, receiving and control devices, power supplies.

Our consultants will assist in the selection of the device for the maximum solution to your problem. We also offer professional installation of fire alarm systems at the customer's site.

To ask any clarifying questions about products, find out the price of an automatic security and fire alarm system or make a profitable order, please contact us by contact phone.