Technology for the production of furniture board tutorial. Features of the manufacture of furniture panels. Trimming and cutting

In the manufacture of natural, environmentally friendly fittings, the use of a home-made furniture board is the most correct solution. Since the furniture board looks more elegant than its counterparts, chipboard or MDF, and also has a number of advantages over them. How to make a furniture shield with your own hands, let's talk further.

General concept of furniture board

A furniture board is a kind of wood-based materials that are made by gluing together planed bars made of wood.

During the production of furniture panels, an array is used:

• birch,
• oak,
• beech,
• wasp,
• from larch,
• from conifers.

This material is highly durable and environmentally friendly, therefore it is an identical analogue of a solid wood. It is used for the manufacture of wooden furniture, in the construction and finishing industry. The furniture board differs from the solid wood in a kind of chess pattern, which is formed by spliced ​​bars.

The furniture board is characterized by the presence of internal tension, therefore it requires special work skills. Improper use or processing of this material leads to deformation of the finished product. Furniture made of furniture board will last as long as wood.

Furniture board photo:

Benefits of using a furniture board

1. Complete environmental friendliness - this material does not cause allergies and does not emit harmful substances into the environment.

2. With the correct processing of the furniture board, the furniture made of it looks very elegant and resembles natural wood.

3. Practicality - another quality of using this material, damaged fittings are restored very quickly, thanks to the uniformity of the wood structure.

4. Furniture made from furniture board - has a long service life, which is equivalent to furniture made from solid wood.

5. The naturalness of the wood texture improves the aesthetic properties of the furniture board.

6. During the operation of items that are made from a furniture board, there are practically no cracks, deformation or shrinkage of this material.

7. Furniture shield sizes are very different, since this material is made from fragments of wooden bars, and not from a solid array.

8. Furniture made of this material tends to absorb harmful substances and regulates the level of humidity in the room.

Technological process for the production of furniture panels

Industries engaged in the manufacture of furniture panels use special equipment for the preparation, processing and gluing of wood.

The production of a furniture board includes the following steps:

1. The process of drying edged boards, during which the material is brought to a certain moisture content.

2. Calibration and the process of opening places where defects are present. At this stage, the base surface is provided, before further processing.

3. The process of opening defects, allows you to get rid of bumps and dark spots on the surface.

4. The stage of trimming by size - involves cutting wood into certain bars in width and cutting out defective places.

5. The next process is cutting and adjusting the tree in length.

6. Calibration removes adhesive residue and corrects shapes to the millimeter. During the manufacture of the spliced ​​shield, the process of dissolution into lamellas is carried out, followed by their gluing.

7. Gluing involves applying glue to the surface and joining the bars into a solid base.

8. After drying, the shield is cut into longitudinal pieces to remove defective seams, and then re-glued. This process gives additional rigidity to the furniture board.

10. The shield is given its final shape, it is calibrated and polished.

Varieties and features of furniture panels

In relation to production technology, there are:

• solid type furniture board,
• spliced ​​furniture board.

One-piece shield consists of spliced ​​lamellae, which form an integral surface. A solid shield is also called single-layer or massive, because of its integrity and strength. The thickness of such a shield is from 1.4 to 6 cm. For its manufacture, wooden blanks of slats, boards or bars are used, which are glued together depending on the direction of the fibers. A spliced ​​or multi-layered shield is made from small bars that are glued along the length or width. The number of middle layers must necessarily be odd, the layers are laid in symmetry. The thickness of such a shield is from 1.2 to 6 cm.

There are several classes of furniture boards. The highest or premium grade does not allow the presence of nicks, deformations, damaged areas or knots on the surface of the shield. The middle class has a lower cost, but is characterized by the presence of small knots on the surface. For the production of low-class furniture board, low-quality wood is used. Separation and designation of classes:

A-A, A-B, A-C, B-B, B-C, C-C.

Grade A means full imitation of wood texture. Grade B - differs in monotony, without pattern selection, absence of defects. Grade C - has slight knots and some mechanical damage.

Depending on the material for the manufacture of furniture panels, there are:

1. Pine furniture board - due to the presence of a large amount of glue in pine, it is highly durable and elastic.

2. Oak furniture board - suitable for the manufacture of lifting frames, as it has high strength. This material is distinguished by the presence of a beautiful texture, therefore it is also used for the manufacture of furniture. The cost of a furniture board made of oak is the highest.

3. Larch furniture board has a beautiful woody texture, is distinguished by a variety of shades and colors, is able to withstand high humidity and is not susceptible to decay. It is used for the manufacture of window sills, furniture, countertops, interior items. It is an inexpensive material.

4. Furniture panels made of chipboard - they are characterized by reduced strength, low cost and susceptibility to moisture. They are not environmentally friendly due to the use of binder resins.

Do-it-yourself furniture board production and gluing

To make a furniture board at home, you will need:

• planer,
• a device that will help connect and glue the bars,
• belt grinder,
• building level,
• emery tape coarse-grained type,
• flat grinder.

To make a furniture board, use slats or bars, it is also possible to cut a solid board into small pieces.

1. The first stage includes the process of preparing the bars.

To make a furniture board, you should use a material of only one type of wood. For example, birch, oak, pine, larch, ash or aspen.

Bar requirements:

• absence of defects, cracks or knots;
• the thickness should be a few millimeters greater than the thickness of the shield after fabrication, as the material is sanded.

The best size of the thickness and length of the finished bars is 1:1. To obtain a quality workpiece, the ratio between thickness and width should not exceed 1:3.

When sawing a board, it should be taken into account that the cutting angle must be exclusively straight. If there are irregularities, use a planer.

2. The second stage includes preparation for the gluing process.

During this stage, it is necessary to build a device that will help glue the bars into a shield. This device must be absolutely even, for this it is possible to use a conventional chipboard sheet. The two edges of the surface must contain two fixed planks. Their height depends on the height of the bars. You will also need two blades and two planks.

Between the planks, you should lay out the bars that fit snugly against each other and create a beautiful pattern. All cracks are eliminated with a jointer. If square-shaped bars are used, it is easier to obtain a harmonious pattern, since their location is easily changed by rotation.

3. The third stage involves gluing the bars.

To glue the bars, use any kind of glue that is designed to work with wood. The best option is Joiner or PVA. The surface to be glued is completely smeared with glue. Watch the distribution of glue, a large amount will cause all the seams to become visible, and a lack of glue will reduce the strength of the structure. Press the greased bars firmly against each other.

On the two planks that are located on the sides of the chipboard sheet, two more planks should be laid perpendicularly, and fixed with self-tapping screws. This action will reduce the risk of bending the furniture board during gluing. For a tighter fit of the bars, wedges are used. Do not strongly clamp the bars with wedges, as soon as the first drops of glue appear on the surface, this action should be stopped. Leave the workpiece for an hour, then remove it from the structure and leave it for another day.

4. The final stage of work on the furniture board.

For preliminary grinding, a belt sander is used, in which coarse-grained sandpaper is installed. After that, the surface is processed by a surface grinder. To remove the pile, the surface is covered with a small amount of water, after the water dries, the villi rise, which are removed by grinding equipment. After that, the furniture board is used to build tables, shelves, stairs, bedside tables and other items.

Furniture board video:

The furniture board is a sheet wood material that has a rectangular or square shape.

It is made by gluing wooden bars together in width and length (in some cases). The width of each individual bar is about 10 - 50 millimeters.

Furniture board production technology allows the use of softwoods such as spruce and pine. Boards made of beech, oak, maple, ash and birch are quite popular.

History of furniture board production technology

Furniture panels are used for the manufacture of furniture, various building elements, as a decor. It is an environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing material compared to its chipboard counterpart. The furniture board has been used for quite a long time.

The technology for the production of furniture panels has not changed much over the past hundred years. In the non-conical version, the wood bars were compressed with a metal clamp. At the present time, this function is performed by the press. The mass use of this product began in the 70s of the last century.

Today, among the glued wood materials in the construction and furniture industry, cheaper analogues of the furniture board have appeared.

In this regard, the scope of its application is rather narrowly focused:

• it is a hypoallergenic natural material, so it is environmentally friendly;


• with proper processing, it looks aesthetically pleasing and elegant;


• furniture board is quite a practical material.

Advantages of furniture board production technology

Glued furniture board has significant features compared to other structural materials used in the manufacture of furniture:

• Long service life.


• Shield furniture is repairable. This is due to the homogeneity of the wood structure. Even a damaged piece of furniture can be very easily restored, after which it will acquire its original appearance.


• Wood refers to hygroscopic materials that regulate the humidity of the air in the room.


• Furniture from such a shield is able to adsorb harmful substances.


• The use of new gluing technologies makes it possible to preserve the natural texture of the wooden surface.


• The furniture board does not stick out during its operation and has minimal shrinkage.


• The environmental friendliness of this material allows it to be used for interior decoration, as well as for the manufacture of furniture.


• The furniture board can be obtained in any size (length, width and thickness).

Due to numerous advantages, the furniture board is very popular not only in Russia, but also in the world market. As a raw material for obtaining this material, edged lumber is used.

Stages of furniture board production

Drying equipment must be present at any production of glued panels. Only in this option can you be 100 percent sure that the wood will stick together reliably and firmly.

The technology for the production of furniture panels allows you to get different types of this material, depending on the area in which it will be used.

There are two types: single-layer and multi-layer. The first type is also called a massive or simple furniture board. Its thickness ranges from 14 to 60 millimeters. It is made of wood slats, timber or boards, about 18 mm wide, which are glued together in one layer parallel to the direction of the wood fibers.

A multi-layer shield consists of two front sides and an odd number of inner layers. All layers are laid symmetrically in thickness. It is she who determines the positive properties of this type of material. The thickness of the multilayer shield can reach 75 millimeters.

The main stages of furniture board production technology:

• Drying blanks.


• Preliminary trimming of the product.


• Opening defects and cutting the resulting workpiece along its width.


• Cutting out defective areas.


• Splicing the product along the length and obtaining lamellas.


• Lamella calibration.


• Applying glue.


• Shield bonding.


• Calibration and grinding.


• Trimming the shield based on the specified format.

New technologies for the production of furniture panels at the exhibition

The furniture board is a product of deep processing of wood, so gluing can significantly reduce wood costs, as well as make the most efficient use of lumber. This brings new varieties of high-quality materials to the furniture market.

furniture board is a square or rectangular wood-based panel made by gluing together along the width and, in some cases, along the length of planed wooden blocks, with a width of each block from 10 mm to 50 mm. In Ukraine, most of the furniture boards are made of coniferous wood (pine, spruce), and hardwood boards (oak, beech, ash, maple, birch) are also somewhat popular. Furniture panels are used for the manufacture of furniture, decorative elements and building elements, as an environmentally friendly and aesthetically more attractive analogue of chipboard.
The furniture board has been used for a long time and the technology of its manufacture has changed insignificantly over the past 100 years. In the canonical version, wooden bars were pressed together with metal clamps; at present, their functions are performed by presses. A sharp increase in the consumption of furniture panels began in the 70s of the 20th century, when it became possible to mass-produce this product.

Currently, both in the furniture industry and in construction, among glued wood materials, a large number of cheaper analogues of this material have appeared, therefore, wooden boards are used in highly specialized cases, namely:

• for reasons of environmental safety: furniture board hypoallergenic natural material;
• for reasons of aesthetics: this natural material, when properly processed, looks more refined than substitutes;
• for reasons of practicality.

Advantages of a furniture board over other board materials:

• a) furniture made of wooden panels lasts longer than furniture made of chipboard or MDF;
• b) this furniture is repairable: since the tree is homogeneous in its structure, even a damaged piece of furniture can be restored (not replaced, but restored) and it will look like new;
• c) wood is a hygroscopic material, i.e. it regulates the humidity in the room;
• d) glued board furniture has properties to adsorb harmful substances.

The use of coniferous and deciduous species makes it possible to produce furniture boards of various types and designs with individual textures and various properties. The glued board is divided into quality grades from A to C. The grade is determined by two sides: A/A, A/B, A/C, B/B, B/C, C/C

• grade A is selected according to the pattern, even in tone, uniform in texture, without defects (knots, sapwood, etc.);
• grade B - without pattern selection, even in tone, uniform in texture, without defects;
• Grade C – without selection by pattern, tone and texture, minor defects (knots no more than 5 mm, sapwood). Mechanical damage is not allowed in all classes.

By production of a furniture board it is possible to receive various board depending on a field of its application. There are basically two types here. This is a single-layer glued board, which is also called a massive board, a glued board, or simply a single-layer board. A single-layer shield has a thickness of 14 to 60 mm, made of wooden blanks (slats, boards or timber) with a width of 18 mm, which are glued to each other in one layer parallel to the direction of the fibers.

The second type of glued board is a multi-layered board, consisting of two front layers and a desired but odd number of middle layers. The layers must be laid symmetrically in thickness, which determines the positive properties of the multilayer shield. Multi-layer glued board, usually with a thickness of 12 mm to 60 mm (special size up to 75 mm), three- or five-layer, with symmetrical laying and glued from several single-layer boards representing the front and middle layers.

The main stages of the technological process of manufacturing a furniture board are:

• 1) drying of blanks;
• 2) transverse cutting;
• 3) cutting and cutting;
• 4) preliminary planing;
• 5) trimming and sorting;
• 6) splicing;
• 7) planing;
• 8) gluing;
• 9) formatting;
• 10) grinding;
• 11) packing

Drying blanks

Drying blanks is the main stage of the technological process for the production of furniture panels. It determines the further adaptation of shield materials to the place of their use. Drying of the material takes place in three stages. The first is the preliminary drying of wood in the open air, in a natural way. The drying time of the blanks depends on the climatic conditions (temperature, air humidity and air movement). Depending on the time of year, there may be fluctuations in climatic factors affecting the duration of drying. On average, wood loses 3-5% of its moisture, and these values ​​vary depending on the type of wood. The second stage is the drying of lumber in a drying chamber under the influence of high temperatures over 100 °C. The most common is the method of convective-chamber drying, i.e. in a room equipped with electric or steam heating batteries with mandatory temperature control and with measurement of humidity inside the drying chamber. Along the access roads, a stack is placed inside the dryer with obligatory gaskets between the layers of the stack. Also, an important point of the drying chamber is the adjustment of the air flows inside, so that the air supersaturated with moisture is constantly drawn out of the chamber. The third stage is the uniform cooling of the wood after evaporation. After the immediate drying process is completed, the wood dries up in places, other areas, on the contrary, are too wet; it is necessary to plan a conditioning phase, during which the unevenly distributed residual moisture in the wood is distributed over the cross section of the workpiece. This increases the relative humidity of the air, while the temperature in the drying chamber does not change. In addition, stresses in the wood decrease; after conditioning, the dried material must be cooled to a temperature of 30-40 ° C; before the chamber opens, the heating is turned off, but the climate is still maintained. You need to know that after drying and in the future, the percentage of moisture in wood for the manufacture of furniture panels should be 9-11%. Loading blanks into the drying chamber

Cross cutting

Cross cutting, or preliminary trimming, trimming of curvature - this stage of the technological process is decisive for the yield and creation of the cost of raw materials. Here the profit per shield is determined. Cross cut, cut to length and trimming are considered together based on maximum yield and value creation. Thus, for each new board, a sequence of optimizing steps is calculated. Mostly dried and warped wood is subjected to transverse cutting. Lumber after drying often has curvature, twisting, which are difficult to optimize to obtain a greater yield of wood. In order to minimize deformation, the so-called trimming is carried out, which reduces the loss of material during the subsequent processing of the workpieces. For cross cutting, mainly cross-cutting machines with a lower saw are used.

The length of the trimmed sections is chosen in such a way that it is possible to obtain a fixed-length lamella through them and that it is easy to handle. In this case, only large defects are cut out of the workpiece and cutting is performed along the ends. In the further technological process, cut boards or lamellas have a rectilinear arrangement of fibers directed parallel to the cut edge.

Trimming and cutting

Trimming involves the removal of rounded parts of the board (wane) from the board or timber. There are different types of pruning. One of them is parallel cropping. The workpiece is cut in one working pass in such a way that the sides and edges are parallel to each other. In this case, at least one of the two processing units must be adjusted, otherwise the material is not optimized in width. When cutting narrow blanks from edged lumber parallel to the edge, the resulting blanks have a direct arrangement of fibers.

Cutting is the cutting of a wide workpiece (we are talking about lumber) in the longitudinal direction into narrow workpieces. In most cases, the core is cut from the blanks, which is located directly in the center of the log and surrounds the core tube. Thanks to cutting lumber, especially very wide blanks, most of the internal stresses are removed. Thus, an improvement in quality is achieved, the boards crack and warp less. For this technological operation, depending on the size and productivity of the company, both technically simple and very complex machines are used. Simple installations include longitudinal edger circular saws, which, with the help of a processing unit, cut round lumber, separating useful material and slats from wide workpieces.

Preplaning

During preliminary planing, a certain layer is removed from the workpiece that has left the sawmill, which allows visual inspection of the surface. Four-sided preliminary planing is carried out after cutting. It is necessary if all sides are controlled, for example by a scanner, and high requirements are placed on the surface of the material. Beneath the contaminated surface that has come out of the sawmill, it is difficult to determine with the naked eye the defects of the wood, discoloration and the direction of the fibers. For the scanner that is used in the next step with optimizing trimming, defect recognition can be difficult due to the poor contrast of the wood.

Trimming and sorting

Trimming or trimming is called cutting blanks to certain lengths. In the production of furniture panels, it is mainly an optimization process that takes into account quality characteristics and thus determines the length of the blanks. The so-called defects of the wood, such as fallen knots, blue stain, pitching, etc., are cut out, as a result, segments free of defects are obtained. Short segments are further connected into blanks of the required length, for example, by splicing on a mini-tenon. The next option is cutting to fixed lengths. In this case, a long board is cut to the required lengths without much consideration for major defects. Some types of wood may not contain defects for several meters. So you can get fixed lengths that do not contain defects. Such blanks are subsequently sorted mainly by length and color. In the production of furniture panels, trimming and sorting are optimizing operations that can be carried out manually or fully automatically.

When processing manually, the recognition of defects is carried out by the worker, who marks the defective place with a fluorescent chalk or laser. The machine reads the marking and makes a cut on this section of the board. The trimmed workpiece is then fed to a sorting station, where it is sorted according to certain criteria.

With full automation of the crosscutting process, the scanner scans up to four sides of the passing workpiece, captures the material data and transfers it to the crosscutting machine. A cut is made and the workpiece is transported further. At the end of the machine there are sorting sections, which, depending on the sorting criteria, have different lengths. Here, the workpieces are automatically distributed by means of ejectors according to certain criteria. Mainly trimmed sections are optimized and sorted here by color and/or length
Workpiece optimization on a PAUL machine. Left sorted blanks

Splice

Short trimmed blanks with a length of 150-300 mm should not be sorted into waste, they should be fed further into production. For example, to obtain blanks of various lengths that do not contain defects. Butt joints along the length do not have the strength required for stretching and bending. These loads can be taken without any problems with tenon joints;

Splicing on a vertical spike. The vertical spike is cut into vertically arranged lamellae. The jagged profile is visible on the surface of the shield. It finds application mainly in the production of window, construction and structural timber. A package of blanks is subjected to gear profile milling. In some countries and in some industries, a visible vertical spike on the surface of the shield is accepted. You can find this type of connection on products where it is invisible.

Splicing on a horizontal spike. By production of a furniture board, as a rule, connection on a horizontal tenon is applied. A stepped joint is visible on the surface of the shield. A serrated profile is visible on the narrow side. The lamellae are fed horizontally into a continuously running splicing line. Feeding in the longitudinal direction of pressed short blanks spliced ​​onto a mini-thorn is carried out mainly arbitrarily, the location of annual rings is not taken into account.

​Planing

Longitudinal milling in order to remove glue sagging, steps between lamellas, and obtain accurate geometric parameters is called planing.

Rectangularity of the lamellas. The individual lamellas must be rectangular, with an angle exactly equal to 90°. The thicker the workpiece, the more critical the squareness. The adhesive line must not be open, otherwise the board will take on a curved or wavy shape after the press, or the adhesive lines will remain open.

Lamella parallelism. When gluing the lamellas into a board, very small inaccuracies in the width of the individual lamellas can add up and lead to the opening of the adhesive seams. At the same time, soft rock blanks in the press stick together better than hard rock blanks. Accuracy is important.

For optimal bonding of planed lamellas into a solid board, the following conditions must be met:

• the optimal cutting step is 1.5-2.0 mm (if less than 1.5 mm, there is a danger of a polishing effect; more than 2.0 mm - the consumption of glue increases, a visible glue line appears, the cohesive strength of the glue weakens);
• the depth of the pile should be less than 0.1 mm (if more, then the consumption of glue increases, a visible glue line appears, the cohesive strength of the glue weakens).

Gluing

At this stage of the direct production of furniture panels, glue is applied to the narrow side of the finished processed lamellas, and then the lamellas are connected into a shield. Glue is applied to one side of the lamellas. Loading into the press is carried out in a batch way. The lamellae are in contact with each other and are generally pushed mechanically into the pressing area. The press is closed, and the side clamp is activated, leveling the irregularities, at the same time the necessary pressure is applied to the adhesive seams.

Each type of wood must have its own pressing temperature. Recommended blanks should be pressed at low temperatures. Very hot pressing can produce steam. There is a risk of discoloration of the workpieces (steam effect) and the occurrence of cracks in the wood. This applies in particular to recommended wood species such as oak. With prolonged pressing at a temperature of more than 100 ° C, the final drying and shrinkage of the wood occurs. A color change may occur, for example in beech, as a result of the greenhouse effect. A slight temperature difference between the top and bottom hotplates can cause the shield to warp. A temperature difference of 5°C causes the shield to warp. The higher the pressing temperature, the greater the risk of deformation. For the production of oak panels, cold pressing or pressing with high frequency currents is particularly suitable. Oak lamellas, however, at a maximum temperature of 50-60°C are pressed into a high-quality single-layer board. The reason is the short pressing time. At high temperatures, the formation of microcracks is possible, which become visible after varnishing the shield. The surface of the shield dries very quickly, the shield has a tendency to partial long-term warping. Pressing with the use of currents is highly recommended in the production of a massive shield.

In the hot method, heat is applied during the pressing process. By applying heat, the pressing time can be greatly reduced. Depending on the required pressing temperature, warm water, hot water, thermal oil are used as a heat carrier. The pressing time is highly dependent on the warm-up time. The larger it is, the longer the pressing process. When using hot water in pipes, the average temperature is 55°C. Hot water heats the wood up to 90-110 °C. Thermal oil in pipes can reach temperatures of 110-130°C

It should be borne in mind that not every heat transfer medium is suitable for every type of wood and every type of glue. PVA glue has thermoplastic properties. When pressed with hot water, the adhesive remains plastic and does not cure. It can only glue at a maximum press temperature of 50-60°C. The pressing time is reduced from 10-30 min. an average of four minutes. Time saving is up to 86%. The urea-based adhesive only cures at high temperatures. A temperature of 60°C or more is required. Warm water temperature is not enough. When using this adhesive, hot water, thermal oil or high frequency currents must be used as a heat transfer medium. The gluing method using high-frequency currents is based on capacitive or dielectric heating in a high-frequency field of alternating voltage. High frequency in the industry is limited to the frequency range of 3-13.56 MHz to avoid faults and superposition of fluctuations - for example, transmitting frequencies from television, radio and military transmissions. Other frequencies require special permission. High frequency currents do not heat the wood. Current seeks the path of least resistance. Since the adhesive has a high moisture content, it heats up more and faster than the surrounding wood (selective heating). In an alternating field, the electrons begin to oscillate, produce friction against each other and thus heat up the adhesive line. Water "boils away". At the end of the pressing process, the seam is completely cured, during the conventional gluing process, a certain time is required for curing.

Formatting

Formatting is called cutting the shield into a final size (length x width). In industrial formatting, various machines can be used. As a rule, a double trimming machine is used in the production of furniture panels.

The longitudinal side when exiting the press is straight and parallel. In the longitudinal direction, the board has an indefinite shift of the lamellas, which makes it impossible to accurately lay on the existing stops. Therefore, the shield is first cut to length. When cutting to length, the end shift of the lamellas is removed and the base surface for cutting to width is reached. After the shield is cut to length, the width is formatted. The result is a rectangular panel with parallel edges, corresponding to the required dimensions.

​grinding

Calibrating the shield with the removal of adhesive residue, achieving the required thickness dimension and grinding the surface of the shield to obtain the specified purity is called grinding. After formatting the shield, it is transferred to the surface finish by grinding. In this case, the difference in the lamellas is removed. The more precisely the press works, the less material needs to be removed. The service life of the sanding belt is increased and costs are reduced.

When sanding with a wide belt sander, the first sanding step is to make a reference plane. First, the so-called contact roller leveling is carried out. The next step is calibration, in which the material is removed to a certain thickness. Finishing is carried out with a sanding shoe, mainly with a grit of 100, but here the wishes of the customers are taken into account.​

Package

After grinding, the glued board is wrapped in a heat-shrinkable polyethylene film in order to protect it from dirt and mechanical stress.

Successful busy people must have hobbies. It relieves stress and reduces the risk of a heart attack. You can collect candy wrappers and coins, or you can do a serious craft. For example, glue a furniture board with your own hands. The process is not as complicated as it might seem, but it requires at least a minimal knowledge of the tool.

Tools and materials for the manufacture of furniture panels

• Circular Saw.
• Milling machine.
• Drill.
• A hammer.
• Electroplaner.
• Belt and surface grinders. You can clean the tree with an emery cloth by screwing it onto the block. True, it will take a little longer.
• Reismus.
• Clamps or homemade devices for tightening boards.
• Long metal ruler, pencil, tape measure.
• lumber.
• Plywood and thin slats for rallying the shield.
• Glue.

Preparatory work

First, let's decide what size furniture board we need in order to stock up on a sufficient amount of material. In any case, blanks must be longer and thicker than the final dimensions of the shield. We choose boards from a tree of the same species, dry and even, with a minimum of knots. You also need to know the basic properties of wood. We offer a small carpenter's dictionary, so as not to get confused in terms:

• Plast - wide longitudinal sides of the boards.
• Plots - separate bars, planks, sawn from a wide board.
• Lamels are solid, non-jointed blanks. In fact, the same as the plots.
• Curl - a random arrangement of wood fibers in the workpiece. Occurs when a board is sawn from a butt of a tree.
• Sapwood is the outer layer of wood just below the bark.

According to the advice of the old masters, how to make a good quality furniture board, plots are taken that have a width to thickness ratio of 3x1. Such a lamella is stable, since the internal tension of the wood is not enough to split the batten. We have all seen boards cracked at the end. This is the case when material stress caused by improper drying splits the workpiece. So, first we dissolve the lumber into slats with a width of no more than 15 cm. In the process of sawing, at the same time we remove all defective sections of the boards.

Before assembling the shield, we take into account that the wood warps in different directions during shrinkage. The strongest - in the direction of annual rings (tangential direction), two times weaker - in the direction of the core lines (radial direction). We glue the sawn blanks in the order indicated on the very first photo:

Shields a and b: heartwood to heartwood, sapwood to sapwood. This will avoid warping when the shield shrinks, which reduces the strength of adhesive joints.

Shields c and d: we orient blanks with pronounced pilosity along the lines of annual rings, then the deformation of the finished shield will be much less.

Step-by-step instructions for making a furniture board

Methods for connecting plots in a shield

How to make a furniture board with your own hands so that in the future the wood retains its original stability? There are several ways to deal with shield buckling caused by sawn timber.

We glue the lamellas on the dowels (the lower shield in photo 6) or use the finishing tips, following the example of the drawing board. To fix short boards, we use a tip with a groove-comb assembly (upper shield in the photo), connected flush with the lamellas. The tip may have a protrusion over one (middle shield) or both layers, depending on the purpose of the product.

If the furniture board is intended to be used in conditions of constant fluctuations in humidity, it would be better not to glue the boards. Compensation for wood with frequent swelling is achieved by various methods of rallying the plots. The upper shield in photo 7 is connected in a quarter, the middle one in a quarter with chamfering from the upper edges. The boards of the lower shield are also cohesive in a quarter, but with a selection of profiled edges on the front side.

Another type of conjugation of plots without the use of glue is the use of flashing strips. The upper shield in photo 8 is pulled together with a regular rail, the middle one - with a profiled bar without grooves, the lower one - with a profiled bar with grooves.

If the furniture board will be operated under constant mechanical load, in conditions of high humidity and temperature differences, then the boards should have a more powerful interface. Photo 9 shows examples of such compounds. The upper shield is assembled on dowels, the middle one - on a plywood rail. The width of the lath should be equal to the thickness of the plots, the thickness of the lath - one third of the thickness of the plots.

The example of the lower shield shows a tongue and groove connection used when laying a floor or facing partitions. All these methods can be used in the manufacture of collapsible panels (for example, for sliding furniture). Glue is not used in these connections.

Gluing the lamellas on the dowels requires perfect accuracy in the location of the holes, otherwise the geometry of the shield will be broken. Nests are marked with markers. Drilling the ends is best done using a drill stand and stop. The depth of both holes in total should exceed the length of the fastener by 2-3 mm.

If there is no milling machine, the grooves and profiles at the ends are removed using a drill mounted on a stand. An appropriate cutter is installed on the tool and high speeds are turned on.

We saw off the assembled, dried and polished shield to the desired size. Now you can put it to work - make furniture, doors, window sills, sheathe walls and ceilings. Durability, aesthetics, naturalness of furniture boards are the best recommendations for a building material.

Home / Woodworking / Wood bonding

Bonding wood and wood-based materials

Wood bonding is a common way to bond wood and wood-based materials (plywood, wood panels, etc.) with adhesives.

How to make a kitchen from furniture boards with your own hands

This allows you to obtain products or models in various shapes and sizes, increase their strength and stability, and increase the use of short and low quality wood blanks.

There are the following bonding types: bonding doskovyh or a square piece of wood layers on blocks and edges of sheets, sticking frame panels, bonding placement along the edges of plates or frame, splicing the workpiece are wood mustache or jagged bonding, bonding the tip of the corner, and other joints in the composition of the product and structures, cladding surfaces of wood and wood-based materials with decorative materials from thin sheet metal.

Binding as an independent method of connection with additional fasteners, screws, screws, nails.

Adhesion is that the liquid wood supported on the adhesive layer penetrates into its extracellular and intracellular space, cured (going from a liquid state to a solid state) and thus holds the mating surfaces of the adhesive layer.

The bonding process consists of methods for selecting and preparing adhesive materials; selection, preparation and use of adhesives on adhesive surfaces; package design; compress and hold bags under pressure until the adhesive becomes solid; technological aging of glued products and structures.

High-quality dry (moisture content 12 ± 3%) wood of the first and second class is used for the production of glued products and structures.

Lumber is allowed. It is better to glue less dense wood (pine, spruce, alder, trill), worse - thick wood (oak, autumn, maple, beech, birch).
Drying of lumber is carried out in drying chambers. Firstly, it is recommended to carry out atmospheric (natural) drying of wood in an air-dry state of wood (moisture content 18-22%), then a chamber (artificial) to the required humidity.

The surface of softwood can be demineralized with resin solvents (turpentine, acetone, gasoline, etc.).

They are expensive, flammable and toxic. Use 4-5% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or 5-10% sodium salt solution to remove wood used for coating. The solutions are heated to a temperature of 50 ° C and applied to the surface with brushes or brushes. They form soluble soaps with resin, which are then easily washed with warm water or 2-3% sodium solution.

Glued blanks must be processed by design or grinding of their side surfaces in accordance with the technical requirements.

The thickness (thickness difference) of the plugs in the layers in the blocks is ± 0.3 mm. Craft parts should not be visibly swollen, and their adhesive surfaces should be smooth and smooth, free from stains of tar, oil, paint, dust, and other contaminants.

For gluing wood for various purposes and operating conditions of various products and structural strength, water resistance and strength of adhesive joints, various liquid adhesives are used: karbamidofor casein - formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde and other rezorTsinoformaldegidnye.

Casein glue is used in the form of an aqueous solution (without heating) with a concentration of 40-50%.

It is a harmless, hard wood glue that has moderate water resistance, but is not spongy enough to cause the wood to darken.

Synthetic thermosetting (irreversible) water-soluble adducts of urea-formaldehyde are obtained on the basis of resin KF-G, KF-BZ, KF-MX; M-70 and others. They provide high strength and resistance to heat, high water resistance and absolute stability of adhesive joints.

They release free formaldehyde (a toxic substance), forming hard and brittle sticky sutures that can develop large internal stresses due to the contraction of the adhesive as it heals.

These stresses reduce the strength of adhesive joints and cause bonding of glued products. The hardness of self-adhesive joints during machining with glued parts and products has a strong influence on cutting tools. Therefore, plasticizers (polyvinyl acetate dispersion, synthetic latex), PVA are introduced into urea-formaldehyde adhesives.

Gluing wood is carried out in cold and hot modes.

Cold gluing (no heat) reduces energy costs, but it requires a long exposure of the laminated piece under pressure to cure the adhesive and equalize the moisture content of the wood, which results in low hardware capacity and requires large production areas.

Therefore, a hot joint (when heated) is often used.

At the same time, the curing of the adhesive is accelerated and increases the productivity of the equipment, less presses and production space.

Repair of carpentry tools

Spent ax handles (hammers, hammers, saws, planes, chisels, chisels), wooden elements of the tool mark (erunka square, Mälk, thickness) are replaced with new ones. They are made of dry quality hardwoods with a moisture content of no more than 12%.

The technological process of manufacturing carpentry products

The process of manufacturing carpentry and joinery products and structures consists of work operations (certain types of work), which are divided into main (technological) and auxiliary.

When carrying out key operations (sawing, planing, carving, gluing, etc.) Change the shape, size and properties of the processed material or workpiece, and the resulting connection is a consistent element in finished products or structures in accordance with the request for technical documentation. Ancillary operations include accounting and sorting, size and quality control, stacking, moving through trade and other operations.

All work (main and auxiliary) is considered as a production process, and the cumulative and clear sequence of basic (technological) operations is a technological process.

The mass flow of processed materials and empty parts is the product flow.

Distinguish between individual, serial and mass production of wood products. In individual production, products are produced in small quantities and mass production is produced sequentially. Serial production can be small, medium and large. In mass production, products of the same type are produced continuously for a long time and in large quantities (furniture, joinery and building products).

furniture board- a building material made of high quality wood, which is used in the process of manufacturing furniture, flooring, stairs, various interior items.

Often it is used when working with the interior decoration of a room.

Do-it-yourself furniture shield at home

A furniture board is made by deep processing of wood in accordance with GOST, following all generally accepted measures. There are two types of furniture board, in which the wood is dried until the moisture content is less than 8%:

- Solid - made using solid wood;

- Finger-jointed - is made by combining and processing lamellas, which are obtained after sawing or planing a solid wood of different types of wood.

The use of spruce, pine, oak, birch, maple, larch, ash and many other types of wood in the manufacture of furniture panels indicates a decent choice of material, allowing the buyer to find the ideal option based on personal needs. For example, an oak shield is suitable for making high-strength lifting frames, since oak is considered the material least susceptible to breakage when colliding with heavy objects.

Modern technology makes it possible to obtain a high-quality spliced ​​furniture board, which is not inferior in strength and durability to a solid one. However, a shield made in this way can reduce production costs, which will further affect the cost of the finished product.

As for the use, wood panels are used in the manufacturing process of various types of furniture. The material is selected in such a way that its characteristics correspond to the intended direction of operation of furniture and interior items. Cost, of course, will speak about the quality of the product. This means that the low price of a furniture board is justified by the presence of knots, resin pockets and minor mechanical flaws. This kind of material is popular in the production of a product that is to be further processed.

It is also worth saying that the price of high quality shields is absolutely justified. Such material is distinguished by the absence of flaws and is used both for the production of a finished item, and for facing various kinds of products and decorative components of the interior.

When choosing a furniture board, you need to rely on the following characteristics:

- type of tree species;

- compliance with price and quality;

- view of the shield itself (solid or spliced);

- material parameters.

It should be noted that the reputation of the manufacturer is also important when buying a product.

The furniture board has its advantages. One of its absolute advantages is the fact that the use of such a board in the manufacture of furniture leads to a high-quality, environmentally friendly and durable product. Also, one cannot help but recall the aesthetic appearance of the resulting furniture.

The furniture panel production technique preserves the naturalness of wood, protecting the material from possible cracks and other deformations. Accordingly, the appearance of the finished product is distinguished by its attractiveness.

When arranging an apartment, you have to answer thousands of questions, and one of the main ones is: how to choose a kitchen?

Do-it-yourself furniture shield - the subtleties and nuances of manufacturing

It is not only about the style and color of furniture, but also the material, texture, design features. This question is of particular relevance if the room has non-standard shapes and sizes, and it is often simply impossible to find the perfect kitchen, and making it to order is an expensive pleasure.

In this case, there is an optimal solution - to make a kitchen from furniture panels with your own hands.

Why was this material chosen? Simply because wood has been and remains the most sought-after raw material for the production of furniture, as it is practical, environmentally friendly and highly decorative. In addition, working with furniture panels does not require much experience and special skills.

Benefits of handcrafted furniture

• The ability to design a kitchen, taking into account the dimensions and architectural features of the room.
• Gain carpentry experience.
• Significant money savings.

In addition, modeling and independent production of furniture is a pleasure both from the process itself and from the result, since you get truly exclusive high-quality products.

Stage 1.

Design

The first (and main) step towards assembling kitchen furniture is project development. Remember the saying “measure twice, cut once”?

This is just the case - at the design stage, you need to take into account all the details, think through all the little things.

It is important not only to determine the number of tables, shelves, bedside tables and other pieces of furniture, but also to detail each element of the kitchen interior, taking into account its shape, size, as well as future location and design features.

In addition, it is necessary to prepare a general design project that combines all interior items.

Blueprints kitchens from furniture panels are the most important "documents" on the basis of which you can assemble beautiful and high-quality furniture with your own hands, so special attention should be paid to their development.

Stage 2.

We prepare materials

After careful design, raw materials should be purchased and the necessary tools should be prepared. The main item on the shopping list is a furniture board, which is a wooden sheet consisting of glued lamellas.

One of the best materials for making furniture is considered larch wood- it is cheaper than cedar, beech and oak, but almost as good as them in practicality and decorativeness.

Pine furniture board will become a more budgetary material - it loses a little to larch in strength qualities, but it differs in rich colors and a beautiful natural pattern.

It should be added that you should buy a furniture board directly from the manufacturer, which guarantees the best price / quality ratio.

One of the leaders in the production and sale of wooden panels and other wood products is the Angara Plus company, which sells building materials throughout Russia - http://angara-plus.ru/products/mebelnyy-shchit/.

In addition to the furniture board, you need to purchase:

• timber for assembling furniture frames;
• PVA glue for gluing parts;
• material for shelves - glass, plywood or wood;
• sandpaper for grinding;
• fittings - hinges, handles, etc .;
• fasteners;
• finishing varnish.

Stage 3.

Do-it-yourself kitchen installation work from furniture panels is a laborious process that requires patience, accuracy and a lot of free time.

In order for the kitchen to turn out to be of high quality and beautiful, you need to adhere to a few important rules:

• Strictly follow the design project.
• To ensure the rigidity of the furniture frames, cut the ends of the timber at an angle of 45 ° C and connect them with glue or metal corners.
• Use 25 mm thick wooden boards for the sides and front of the furniture, and 18 mm for the back walls.

A kitchen made of furniture boards is not just an opportunity to create exclusive furniture according to an individual project, but also a great chance to save a lot when furnishing an apartment.

construction

In the house of the owner, who is engaged in the construction, repair and construction of wooden houses, they often need wide wooden shields. Such panels can be purchased at a retail network or made independently. To connect a quality shield, you need to know some of the secrets of this work.

Acquisition of source material

For the shield, it is necessary to choose high-quality wood boards. The panels must have the same width and moisture, even the fibers along the entire length. Blanks that already show signs of warping should be discarded.
2. The texture of the texture should be the same and not completely different in color. When buying plates, it is advisable to choose them from one fund.
3. The moisture content in wood should not exceed 8-9% for hardwoods and no more than 12-14% for softwoods.
fourth

For shielding, the structure of the lumber texture should be used.

Do-it-yourself technology for gluing furniture boards

You must select radial or intermediate split inserts. Do not use lumber because they are more prone to scratches.
5. Pay attention to the texture lines. If such lines are not parallel, this is a sign that the panels are subject to bending or twisting.
sixth

If you want to glue boards, you need to choose boards up to 120 mm wide. While this increases the number of adhesive seams, it reduces the chance of the final screen bending. Large boards have a lot of internal stress, which leads to scratches and cracking.
7. After the larch lumber is delivered to the workshop, they need to be given a few days to equip them with temperature and humidity.

The working process

1. Hold panels with a thickness of 2-3mm.

If the screen has a slot at a right angle, additional tolerances of at least 50 mm are required and the screen width is at least 15 mm.
second

The layer of all screen plates is aligned on the plane.
3. On the thickness machine, all panels are calibrated to the correct thickness.
4. Then, back on the planner, one edge is strongly angled 90 degrees towards the panel.
fifth

The other edge is cut on the round machine and the saw blades on the handlebar are also removed.
6. Prepare the required number of clamps and a flat surface on which the screen will be protected.

The prepared plates must be immediately attached to the screen. Because delays can lead to intrusion of finished blank parts. If the screen width is large, it should be laid in several parts in stages. The width of these parts should not exceed the width of the working area of ​​the machine so that it can be leveled after gluing.

And from the prepared and calibrated parts, the entire shield is glued together.

Before gluing the shield, it is necessary to create smooth rods with the same thickness on which the prepared slabs are laid. This ensures that the clips without obstruction can be attached to the clamped screen.

Wrap the edges with glue, fix the clips and fix them. The clamping force controls the adhesive that is extruded from the joints. It should form a stable roller. Terminal installation starts from the edge of the screen.

After the first installation and a slight hold immediately on this edge, the fastening clips are installed on all adhesive joints. This is necessary so that the panels do not move towards each other.

Then the next clamp is installed horizontally at a distance of 250-270 mm from the first and from the opposite side of the screen.

At the same time, you should always check that the plates are in the same plane. They are moved if necessary. Install the remaining clips that are exchanged between the top and bottom of the screen.

When you reach the second edge of the screen, use the clips (which are removed from the first edge) to attach the adhesive clips and install the rear horizontal clip.

After about five minutes, the vertical clamp clips are removed to allow the adhesive to dry at those points.

Once the adhesive is pressed out of the joints slightly dry, remove it with a scraper or spatula.

After the end of the glue, the terminals are removed.

On site http://www.foresthouse.ru/- The forest house dedicated to timber products and heating heater sales can also look at various materials on the topic of woodworking and wood construction.

This site contains a large number of unique articles that are useful for beginners and craftsmen who work in the construction of wooden suburban housing.

This article belongs to an expert in the woodworking industry Yury Nikolaevich Zelentsov. Copying the article without written consent is prohibited.

10/21 / 2013Artem Samoilov

Choosing a furniture board: properties and features of the material

Furniture panels are used for both residential and industrial premises - these designs are considered universal.

So, they can be used as a serious fence or a decorative element of the interior. Before making a choice, decide on the possibilities of the room and the main purpose - what are you going to use the furniture boards for? To get started, pay attention to the following points.

What do you need to know?

Before choosing furniture boards, try to answer the following questions. So, you can find a common language with the seller, as well as decide on the final choice.

1. What is the humidity level in the room where you are going to install the shield?
2. What kind of load, and in what form (assembled or collapsible) should the oak furniture panel withstand there?
3. What is more important to you: strength or appearance of the product?

If you want to determine the quality of a furniture board, pay attention to the structure of the wood.

We make an original kitchen with our own hands from furniture panels

Also, do not be too lazy to study the markings on the product itself.

Remember that each of the criteria is especially important when choosing. For example, wood constantly absorbs excess moisture. Even if you purchased a varnished product, over time, the shield may change its shape or deform. In one year, a wooden structure absorbs up to 12% of moisture from its own volume.

As a rule, high-quality shields are made from wooden bars glued and impregnated with a safe composition.

Do not forget that the tree purifies the air and at the same time absorbs harmful substances. Therefore, wooden panels are best used away from aggressive environments (for example, in residential areas).

Interestingly, furniture panels do not deform as quickly as natural wood, since there is no such tension in the structure itself as in solid wood.

They can be modified and turned into very practical furniture. So, you can make a soft corner for a nursery, a bed for a bedroom, or partially furnish a kitchen.

The disadvantages include the following points. Unscrupulous manufacturers often use wet blanks, so the shield is deformed even during the drying process.

At best, you will get a deformed product, and at worst, cracks and poor-quality seams.