Universal grinding machine for sharpening planes. Description of the universal grinding machine. Types of grinding machines

Universal industrial and household grinding machines are in most cases used for do-it-yourself sharpening of all kinds of joinery.

Household mini-grinding units for the home, such as a universal desktop sharpening machine for flat knives, can work with planer knives, chisel blades and.

In addition, a home-made sharpening machine can be used to sharpen skates, and you can also sharpen an ax with it.

1 Types of grinding machines

Sharpening machines, presented as a tool for processing, can use a cone or a stone.

A multi-purpose home-made mini-grinding machine (grinder) can be used within a workshop or at home, and for large volumes of work it is more rational to use industrial units.

Universal grinding machines that use abrasive wheels (stones) or a cone for processing can be designed for processing:

drills;
cutters;
circular saws;
knives;
band saws;
incisors.

Drill sharpeners can be used in the workshop or at home. Its stone allows the processing of small tools (blades, cutters, drills).

Some universal modifications allow you to sharpen an ax or be used for processing the edges of skates.

A home-made mini-grinding machine (grinder), equipped with manual adjustment, allows you to work with small diameter tools of 3-18 cm with your own hands.

Coolant allows you to achieve high quality edges of skates, coolant can also be used in cases where an ax is sharpened. Such a self-made grinder with adjustment can be used for drills of a spiral or feather type.

The cone of the working element guarantees the correct angle of the resulting blade edge. A home-made grinding machine for desktop cutters, using coolant, helps to do professional sharpening with your own hands.

Flat knives, such as skate blades, can be processed using the Tormek t7 machine, or the Kolner kbg 200 370m multi-purpose grinder can also be selected for this operation.

The working stone of the Kolner kbg 200 370m unit, as well as the Tormek t7 devices, allows, due to the high number of revolutions, to process at home not only an ax or the surface of skates, but also cylindrical, spherical, oval or arch-like shapes.

The caliber of the part processed by the stone of the Kolner kbg 200 370m unit, the Tormek t7 device or the 3v642 machine can range from 2 to 28 cm.

A mini-configuration grinding and grinding machine with coolant applied to the cone contributes to the fact that flat-type milling cutters are sharpened with their own hands.

Devices for sharpening circular saws with their own hands on wood differ in their functionality from analogues 3v642 or Tormek t7.

The abrasive (cone) of such mini-aggregates is coated with diamond dusting. Such stones are processed at an angle from 0 to 30 ⁰ with a maximum number of revolutions up to 2000 per minute.

The choice of modification allows you to perform the process in manual or automatic mode. At the same time, the caliber possessed by the cone allows you to process the front and rear edges of each saw tooth on wood with your own hands at home.

Like the common Tormek t7 modifications, the presented universal unit allows you to make sharper blades not only for wood saws, but also for band saws.

The grinder can have software control like on a lathe, this helps to select modes and the number of revolutions.

2 Device and principle of operation

The Tormek t7 grinder, the 3v642 multi-purpose unit and other similar elements, circles with a diameter of 200 mm, are equipped with electric motors.

Before using the scheme to make such a device with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account the nuances of the device of the grinding and grinding machine.

The axis of the electric motor model 3v642 is installed with a shift to the right side by several degrees. This feature helps to sharpen an ax or saw on wood with your own hands quickly and with good results.

A grinding and sharpening cone or abrasive wheels are attached to the motor shaft of the 3v642 or Tormek t7 device. Cross feed occurs due to the node on which the stones (abrasive wheels) are placed.

If you need with your own hands to make a device similar to 3v642 or Tormek t7, then first of all you need to choose the caliber of the stone, which will differ in circles and a cone. It is also important to consider that the transverse motion feed is carried out during the operation of the unit.

The unit, both on the turning and on the grinding and grinding unit, is located on the guide. The grinding and grinding machine operates by means of a worm gear located on the frame.

The holder of the multi-purpose grinder for the home 3v642 has a handle. In order for the 3v642 desktop grinder to correctly process saw teeth on wood or skate blades, a special attachment is used, which is attached next to the holder.

It should be borne in mind that before choosing a desktop device for the home, you need to pay attention not only to the number of revolutions, but also to a special handpiece.

It will allow you to work with all kinds of locksmith tools - drills or cutters, and you can also sharpen an ax with it at home.

2.1 How to use the sharpener

The classification of types of work on a turning or grinding unit has several positions:

with holder;
with prefix processing along the radius;
with an assistant.

The first option allows you to choose for processing tools designed for working with wood - planers, chisels, chisels, etc. It is also recommended to use the right amount of coolant in the process.

Before you make a choice of operating mode and set the desired number of revolutions, you need to set the slider of the machine to the leftmost position.

After that, a grinding-grinding cone is attached. The U-shaped bracket and clamping screws are installed with an orientation to the caliber of the part. This should be done at the edge that provides the removal of the finished chamfer.

In order to sharpen the ax or the edge of the skates, it is necessary to place the brackets parallel to the axis on which the cone is attached.

In this case, the circles can be placed with a gap of 2-3 mm. Then the switch is turned and the grinding and abrasive wheels are set in motion. Further, the operator of the skate sharpening machine can adjust the number of revolutions.

To do this, the transverse gear gradually rotates, and the edge of the tool with which the ax is processed is brought in so as to ensure a light touch.

Grinding-abrasive wheels begin to move along the blades of the skates or other parts. Next, 2-3 longitudinal movements are performed along the blades of the skates, during which the grinding and abrasive wheels are moved back to their original position.

We should also not forget about the periodic application of coolant, which needs a sharpening machine for flat knives. When carrying out radius sharpening, a special attachment is used to help obtain a spherical chamfer on the edge of the part.

Before starting the action, if necessary, you need to make a choice of such a value as the caliber of the circle. After the selection is made, you need to release the slider and disconnect the clamping type brackets.

Despite the complexity of the work, such a unit is more efficient than a disposable manual sharpener.

How to use a sharpening machine (video)

2.2 Popular models, specifications

The most popular and demanded models now are Tormek t7, Kolner kbg 200 370m and universal grinder 3v642.

The Kolner model can use stones (circles) with a diameter of up to 200 mm, has two rotation modules and a disk rotation speed of up to 2900 rpm. With a weight of 11 kg, the engine power of the unit can reach 370 W, and the rotation modules lie coaxially.

Using coolant, the machine can sharpen an ax in just 2-3 minutes. The Tormek model is equipped with a 200 watt motor capable of spinning the disc up to 90 rpm.

Differs in low noise level and high operational resource. In the basic configuration there are original circles with a diameter of 200 mm. The universal 3v642 can interact with parts with a diameter of up to 250 mm and is equipped with a hydraulic unit that feeds the desktop.

Working with wood, metal, plastic and other materials requires a cutting tool. The range of such products includes separate categories of products according to dimensional, strength characteristics. In the process of processing, the cutting edges lose the necessary properties, they have to be sharpened regularly. The operation is not complicated and, with the exception of certain special types of tools, is done independently. The universal sharpening machine has gained wide popularity among masters of various specialties. With its help, the characteristics of the cutting edge are restored.

Types of grinding machines

There is a wide range of products of this type on the market. They make machines and independently. Equipment is divided according to its design and operational qualities, regardless of whether they are made by hand or bought in a store. Universal grinding machines can be of the following types:

mechanical devices are used in everyday life and for finishing the cutting edge. They are conditionally referred to as machines, since the physical strength of a person is used;
household machines for sharpening tools at home. They have a minimum of functions and a low-power electric motor;
semi-professional equipment. Enough power reserve for long-term work with significant physical exertion. Are completed with additional devices for target processing of hacksaws, chains for chiansaws, drills, circular saws, mills;
industrial machines. High-precision equipment that allows you to sharpen tools of complex configuration with specified parameters. In production, CNC universal grinding machines are widely used, which increase the productivity and quality of operations performed.

The most popular model for domestic use is the universal bench grinder. It enables home craftsmen to maintain high performance of construction tools, kitchen utensils, tools for cultivating the land. For industrial use, more diverse products are produced. The accuracy of the work is due to the overall body, which does not respond to vibrations, the rigidity of the structure, which allows processing the cutting edge with a deviation from the nominal value of no more than a few hundredths of a millimeter.

For home use, the set of functions that a universal household grinding machine has is sufficient.

On such equipment, you can quickly fix a dull knife, scissors, ax. The device operates from a 220 V network, and has a power that does not overload communication cables. Observe the safety rules when performing any operation:

before switching on, check the integrity of the cable, the reliability of the nut fixing the grinding and abrasive stone and the strength of the additional devices and the support table;
wear protective goggles and appropriate clothing;
do not process parts in an unsupported position on weight.

A universal sharpening machine is intended for sharpening metal-cutting tools, and it cannot be used for other purposes. For example, processing the following materials at home is strongly discouraged:

glass, porcelain, stones;
carbide soldering;
plastics, rubber, rubber, polymers.

The materials listed above can be processed, but the equipment configuration for this is not standard, but special. These operations are done by trained specialists who know the specific features of grinding, who can choose the right abrasive or other wheel. In production, complex surfaces made of composites, glass, and porcelain are processed with specially designed tools. Often, a CNC universal grinding machine is used to comply with the grinding conditions.

Applicable abrasive stones

When choosing a grinding and grinding universal machine, the types of upcoming work are assumed. In addition to design differences, the performance of the equipment depends on the replaceable tool. The range of grinding wheels has a large number of items. They are divided into the following categories:

circle diameter;
type of abrasive;
grain;
circle shape;
diameter of the seat on the machine.

Home sharpeners use general-purpose stones made of corundum particles. They are versatile and are successfully used for domestic needs. The desktop sharpening machine is completed and can serve for years if used irregularly. In case of failure, you should remove it from the shaft and check the inner diameter before buying a new one or check the size in the instructions. It is also important to know the outer dimensions in order to avoid the risk of acquiring a circle that is not suitable for a particular model. Popular standard seat diameters that a universal tool sharpening machine can have:

10 mm - a circle for sharpening chains, hacksaw blades;
20 mm - a circle of the old standard, but is still produced specifically for grinding machines;
22 mm - the standard widely used in the world, in particular abrasive discs for grinders;
32 mm is a common diameter for grinding and grinding equipment.

There are other standards, but less often. For industrial equipment, a larger assortment is expected, since special industry standards are applied there and the list of work performed is much larger. Universal tool sharpeners are often equipped with adapter rings to adapt to the desired diameter.

For certain jobs, the grain size of the abrasive is important. It is good to use large particles for primary processing and fast removal of a significant thickness of metal. But such circles are not suitable if a universal grinding machine is used for cutters of complex shape, for small-diameter drills and grinding and polishing work. Fine abrasive particles work more slowly, but the finish of the machined surface is much better. Such circles are used to bring out the exact cutting edge of turning tools, cutters of complex configuration.

Automation is widely used in technological production lines. Electronic control and control over the performance of operations is being actively introduced in equipment of a wide profile. Semi-professional universal sharpening machines are increasingly equipped with such devices. They are widely used:

in small industries;
in car services;
in handicraft production;
in home workshops of private entrepreneurs.

A self-respecting master of almost any specialty has at least a simple universal machine for performing elementary operations. Those who approach the issue of housekeeping are trying more seriously to purchase productive and convenient equipment with good functionality, a set of abrasive wheels and additional devices for sharpening cutting tools.

High-strength abrasives are highlighted in a separate category. They are used for grinding tools with carbide elements. A universal grinding machine with a diamond or elbor wheel is widely used for the restoration of cutting discs in the woodworking industry, the production of metal-cutting tools, such as cutters, drills, cutters.

Sharpening technologies and accessories

Grinding and sharpening equipment performs a significant range of operations, from bringing household items into proper condition, to processing spacecraft parts. Additional devices significantly expand processing techniques and improve the quality of the work performed. They include the following design elements of the machine;

support table or attachment. The simplest and most widely used way to hold the workpiece in position. Of the shortcomings, the inability to control angles and dimensions is noted. The operation is carried out exclusively under visual control;
assistant. Evolution of the development of the support table. It can have guides and grooves with a certain pitch or angle. Allows you to process a part with specified parameters;
holder. The device may have a movable part, where a firmly fixed part moves in a given direction. A device that facilitates the grinding process and allows you to accurately control some of the dimensional characteristics of the workpiece being processed;
Copier. A mechanical fixture borrowed from a lathe. It is used for processing parts of complex shape according to a pre-set template;
CNC. The process is fully automated. The part or abrasive wheel moves strictly along a predetermined trajectory. Modern technologies make it possible to program processes on public computers using special programs and applications.

The industrial sharpening machine is equipped with a cooling system. This speeds up the operation, preventing the part from overheating. The fluids used in the equipment also have a lubricating effect, which is why the surface quality is higher than when processing with a dry abrasive. In particular, a machine for milling cutters for industrial use must be equipped with a similar device. The cutting edge must meet stringent requirements for form accuracy and surface finish.

Geometry is also important when sharpening drills. It is almost impossible to achieve the required values manually. To control the angles and centering visually is an unattainable task. Chainsaw chain sharpeners are very popular. Stable demand for devices for the restoration of hacksaw blades. All of the above operations can not be performed without additional mechanisms with the necessary characteristics and proper quality.

Having found in my favorite set of metal drills, which I admire more than I use, an 8 mm drill killed on concrete, I was very upset, because I definitely won’t be able to sharpen the drill as beautifully and correctly as it was sharpened initially.

Never. This circumstance served as a trigger for the spontaneous purchase of the monitored unit, which was found at the right time on the shelf of a construction hypermarket. It was promised that with its help it is possible to sharpen drills from 3 to 10 mm, and, apparently, special straightness of hands is not required for this:

A spare diamond disc was also purchased there:

An Internet search showed that this machine can be bought in Russia under various brands for about 2000 rubles, it is also sold in its homeland, that is, in China. Yes, and thanks to the Chinese sellers, since they were not too lazy to post legible photographs of instructions, it is almost impossible to understand the small drawings of the Russian instructions that came with the machine.
So, we have the main block with a diamond grinding disc on one side. Below the disc is the pusher of the safety switch, which does not allow the motor to be turned on without the nozzle installed, and in the same area the nozzle lock:

Nozzles are fixed in grooves, which are also on non-working faces, where nozzles can be simply stored. On the bottom of the block there are small rubber feet, which are not very resistant to the movement of the machine on the table, something like suction cups would be more appropriate. For stationary installation of the machine, there are holes for screws / self-tapping screws on the skirt of the main unit:

There are only three nozzles. Note that the plastic of the nozzles makes a depressing impression, since it is not hard enough and not slippery, as a result, everything “walks” a little, and the parts that should move relative to each other easily warp and jam.

There is a platform with a magnet, while this platform can move in a horizontal direction and be set to the desired angle. There is even a protective shield. In appearance, everything is fine, but the platform wedges, and sharpening, as you can see, is not flat, but along the radius, which is unacceptable for a chisel. Also, the grain of the grinding disc is large, the surface is rough, and the edge is burred. Oh yes, there is also a device for sharpening awls:

A long awl is enough, though it was not found, but sharpening the awl is so simple that no devices are required. This nozzle can be thrown away. The following, attachment for sharpening scissors and knives:

The problem is the same - a rough disc, a rough sharpened surface, a lot of burrs. It is only suitable for the initial rough sharpening of scissors and knives, followed by mandatory fine-tuning on something with fine abrasive grain. And the scissors get a large area from the central screw, which remains not sharpened, since the nozzle casing interferes with this. This nozzle can also be thrown away. The last nozzle and the last chance to give at least some justification for the rationality of acquiring this machine. Nozzle for sharpening drills. How to use it is shown in the video:

Result:

A drill with shiny edges is sharpened on this machine, drills with a yellowish coating next to it have an original sharpening. Basically, it works out well. Quick, easy, and you only need to control the symmetry of sharpening by eye. True, the surface is still rough and the edge is uneven, and the sharpening angle cannot be changed. Note that if you remove the nozzle and jam the safety switch with something, then on this diamond disk you can carefully modify the sharpening, for example, sharpen the back surface, reduce the jumper, etc. To finish the drill, that is, to smooth-grind surfaces, you will have to use another machine, but if you have more or less correct sharpening, this is not very difficult. It is a pity that this machine does not have a second disc with fine abrasive.

In total, if you need to sharpen drills, but there is no experience and skills for this, then this type of sharpening machine with the appropriate nozzle can help out. The rest of the attachments seem to be practically useless.

Today, a multi-purpose grinding machine is an indispensable mechanism that can provide indispensable assistance during certain technical work. Experts advise not to immediately buy an expensive machine for professional sharpening - it all depends on the needs (quality, volume or speed of sharpening). For example, when processing the edge of a simple knife or scissors, an amateur inexpensive machine is quite suitable, but if this is a turning workshop where you need to perform the amount of work, then a professional-level multifunctional sharpening sledge is just what you need.

Types of grinders

There are many types of household sharpening machines that are used depending on the needs. Professional models have more complex structural mechanisms, but they are used much less frequently than simple models (almost every home craftsman has them).

The main requirements of grinding machines are convenience and ease of use, while their reliability must be at a high level. Most manufacturers are trying to make sharpening devices more functional and versatile.

But, based on the variety of tools that can be sharpened, it is rather expensive to achieve 100% versatility.

Therefore, most universal grinding machines are designed to process components such as:

circular saws;
cutters for a lathe;
knives (cutting or hunting);
cutters;
drill.

Machine categories

In practice, universal grinding machines can be divided into certain categories.

Based on the principle of the drive mechanism:

handheld devices;
mechanical, equipped with a motor.

Based on the number of operations that the device performs:

narrowly focused;
adjustable.

Each specific household type of equipment may have individual adjustment devices. This is important to consider when choosing a tool for further work.

The quality indicators of the end face of the blade, regardless of whether it is a chisel or a cutter, it all depends on the abrasive wheel chosen. It is worth noting that each type of metal requires an individual selection of the grit size of the abrasive wheel, which also has its own parameters.

Universal grinding machine MR-600

Characteristics of machines for sharpening

Important factors that influence the choice are:

feature of the dimensions and dimensions of the machine;
option to connect to the network;
installation features;
sharpening speed;
materials and applied class when sharpening;
level of versatility;
accuracy of work performance;
equipment power indicators.

Most machines are equipped with various electronic and electrical accessories. This determines their level of professionalism and versatility. As for the installation of machines, this does not require much, just a flat horizontal surface.

A universal sharpening machine, depending on the actions performed, can be classified in different ways, divided into certain groups:

mechanical devices having a narrow focus;
universal grinding machines.

The first group refers to equipment designed for sharpening the edges of specific cutting tools to which they belong (worm cutters, drills, band and disc saws and other active additions to other equipment).

The second group of devices is equipment that is required to sharpen the edges of a large number of tools. Most machines are equipped with adjustable mounts for added convenience and safety.

Operation features

Before starting the sharpening process, it is important to master certain adjustment skills using the rules of the instruction. It is also important to secure the process by using protective equipment (glasses or gloves). There are certain restrictions in the instructions, this applies to:

maximum width;
maximum drill diameter.

And also, before turning on the universal grinders, it is important to make preliminary settings, to set the appropriate distances between the blade and the grinding wheel (using the touch effect).

A transparent screen is often used as an additional protective measure (it is provided during the production of the equipment).

It is important to clearly define the sharpening angle, often this is done using adjustable sliders. In universal machines, the fastening of the workpiece for sharpening occurs with the help of brackets. They are made in the form of the letter "P". Fixing occurs with persistent bolts.

After the first switch-on, it is important to ensure that the wheel makes light contact with the workpiece. In most universal machines, the left hand of the operator should be responsible for the transverse feed, and the right hand for the longitudinal movement of the part.

It is important to ensure that the movement process is smoother. The blade should move along the edge of the working part of the circle. When using attachments when sharpening radius-type parts, it is important to properly fix the workpiece with a clamp.

It is important to pay attention to the metal from which the workpiece is made. Given this property, it is important to choose the right number of revolutions with which the cutting wheel rotates. If this parameter is exceeded, the workpiece can be “set on fire”.

Factory models of universal grinding machines

Many home crafters can make do-it-yourself machine designs, but factory-made general purpose grinders will always outperform in quality and speed.

Most factory universal grinding machines have a similar design. The case is made from sheets of iron coated with a polymer. If the device is intended for home use, then the frame can be made from a certain type of plastic.

The disc drive is an electric motor that rotates the gearbox (but there may be designs without it).

Regarding the number of abrasive wheels, we can say that there are several of them in universal equipment.

This is required for better processing of a simple or metal-cutting tool.

Sharpening equipment is divided into certain groups:

Universal machines have templates. When using such devices, sharpening knives, cutters or various types can be performed. To increase the convenience of the process, the package contains conductors for adjusting the angle and position of the workpiece relative to the plane of the circle.
With an assistant. When equipping machines with two or more abrasive wheels, it is important to choose the right supports for the stop. They are unusual, the degree is changed by manual adjustment (such devices require appropriate skills).

Many models of universal grinders that are intended for use in the home workshop are made with the templates mentioned above. This makes it possible, in the absence of skills, to secure the process and perform the work more efficiently.